Pathfinder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Pilots/Grasslands/Requirements

2022-04-28T20:50:17Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin=Body />

<b>1. <section begin=req1 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>What is a grassland? Where can they be found?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req1 /></b>

<b>2. <section begin=req2 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>What is required for a grassland to form? Why are they important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2 /></b>

<b>3. <section begin=req3 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Name the two types of grasslands.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req3 /></b>

<b>4. <section begin=req4 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Name ten different animals, birds or insects that can be found in grasslands, and describe how they are specially designed to live there. Draw or photograph them.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4 /></b>

<b>5. <section begin=req5 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>What types of grasses grow in a grassland environment? Describe, photograph, or draw five different species.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5 /></b>

<b>6. <section begin=req6 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>How do grasslands benefit us?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req6 /></b>

<b>7. <section begin=req7 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Select a grassland and discover the following:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7 /></b>

:<b>a. <section begin=req7a /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Size
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7a /></b>

:<b>b. <section begin=req7b /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Average temperature
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7b /></b>

:<b>c. <section begin=req7c /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Average rainfall per year
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7c /></b>

:<b>d. <section begin=req7d /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Most common type of grass
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7d /></b>

:<b>e. <section begin=req7e /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Common uses of the grassland by people
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7e /></b>

:<b>f. <section begin=req7f /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Three types each of the following:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7f /></b>

::<b>i. <section begin=req2fi /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Flowers
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2fi /></b>

::<b>ii. <section begin=req2fii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Birds
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2fii /></b>

::<b>iii. <section begin=req2aiii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Reptiles
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2aiii /></b>

::<b>iv. <section begin=req2fiv /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Insects
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2fiv /></b>

<b>8. <section begin=req8 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Create a list of potential dangers that are associated with grasslands. Discuss how each of these can avoided.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req8 /></b>

<b>9. <section begin=req9 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>How have humans affected the grasslands in the past? How do they affect it today?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req9 /></b>

<b>10. <section begin=req10 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Why should grasslands be protected? With your group, discuss a conservation project focusing on the protection of this habitat.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req10 /></b>

<b>11. <section begin=req11 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Tell a story about something you learned while studying grasslands and draw a spiritual lesson from it.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11 /></b>

<b>12. <section begin=req12 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Do one of the following:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12 /></b>

:<b>a. <section begin=req12a /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Visit a grassland. Mark off a 1-yard by 1 yard section of the grassland, identifying all the species of plants and animals that you find. Write, record, or share your experience with your group.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12a /></b>

:<b>b. <section begin=req12b /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Grow grasses similar to those found in a grassland, and conduct an experiment about how they react to at least five of the following:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12b /></b>

::<b>i. <section begin=req12bi /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Being frozen
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bi /></b>

::<b>ii. <section begin=req12bii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Being burned
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bii /></b>

::<b>iii. <section begin=req12biii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Having sunlight withheld
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12biii /></b>

::<b>iv. <section begin=req12biv /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Too little water
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12biv /></b>

::<b>v. <section begin=req12bv /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Too much water
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bv /></b>

::<b>vi. <section begin=req12bvi /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Being crushed or stepped on
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bvi /></b>

::<b>vii. <section begin=req12bvii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Being cut off at the ground as though it were overgrazed
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bvii /></b>

::<b>viii. <section begin=req12bviii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Spills such as gasoline or oil
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bviii /></b>

::<b>ix. <section begin=req12bix /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Other
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bix /></b>

<b>13. <section begin=req13 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Do at least two of the following:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13 /></b>

:<b>a. <section begin=req13a /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Visit a zoo or nature conservatory where there are animals native to grasslands.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13a /></b>

:<b>b. <section begin=req13b /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Watch a video about grasslands and write a 200-word report about what you saw.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13b /></b>

:<b>c. <section begin=req13c /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Draw or paint a picture of something you had fun learning about while studying grasslands.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13c /></b>

:<b>d. <section begin=req13d /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Talk to your class, write about, or make a short video about a real-life grassland conservation project.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13d /></b>

:<b>e. <section begin=req13e /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Earn one of the following honors:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13e /></b>

::<b>i. <section begin=req13ei /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Grasses
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13ei /></b>

::<b>ii. <section begin=req13eii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Soils
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13eii /></b>

<section end=Body />

<noinclude><translate>
[[Category:Honor Requirements|{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1|2}}]]
[[Category:Honor Requirements Revision 3|{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1|2}}]]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

Pilots/Grasslands/Requirements

2022-04-28T20:46:53Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin=Body />

<b>1. <section begin=req1 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>What is a grassland? Where can they be found?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req1 /></b>

<b>2. <section begin=req2 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>What is required for a grassland to form? Why are they important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2 /></b>

<b>3. <section begin=req3 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Name the two types of grasslands.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req3 /></b>

<b>4. <section begin=req4 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Name ten different animals, birds or insects that can be found in grasslands, and describe how they are specially designed to live there. Draw or photograph them.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4 /></b>

<b>5. <section begin=req5 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>What types of grasses grow in a grassland environment? Describe, photograph, or draw five different species.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5 /></b>

<b>6. <section begin=req6 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>How do grasslands benefit us?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req6 /></b>

<b>7. <section begin=req7 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Select a grassland and discover the following:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7 /></b>

:<b>a. <section begin=req7a /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Size
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7a /></b>

:<b>b. <section begin=req7b /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Average temperature
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7b /></b>

:<b>c. <section begin=req7c /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Average rainfall per year
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7c /></b>

:<b>d. <section begin=req7d /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Most common type of grass
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7d /></b>

:<b>e. <section begin=req7e /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Common uses of the grassland by people
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7e /></b>

:<b>f. <section begin=req7f /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Three types each of the following:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7f /></b>

::<b>i. <section begin=req2fi /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Flowers
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2fi /></b>

::<b>ii. <section begin=req2fii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Birds
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2fii /></b>

::<b>iii. <section begin=req2aiii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Reptiles
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2aiii /></b>

::<b>iv. <section begin=req2fiv /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Insects
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2fiv /></b>

<b>8. <section begin=req8 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Create a list of potential dangers that are associated with grasslands. Discuss how each of these can avoided.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req8 /></b>

<b>9. <section begin=req9 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>How have humans affected the grasslands in the past? How do they affect it today?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req9 /></b>

<b>10. <section begin=req10 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Why should grasslands be protected? With your group, discuss a conservation project focusing on the protection of this habitat.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req10 /></b>

<b>11. <section begin=req11 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Tell a story about something you learned while studying grasslands and draw a spiritual lesson from it.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11 /></b>

<b>12. <section begin=req12 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Do one of the following:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12 /></b>

:<b>a. <section begin=req12a /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Visit a grassland. Mark off a 1-yard by 1 yard section of the grassland, identifying all the species of plants and animals that you find. Write, record, or share your experience with your group.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12a /></b>

:<b>b. <section begin=req12b /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Grow grasses similar to those found in a grassland, and conduct an experiment about how they react to at least five of the following:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12b /></b>

::<b>i. <section begin=req12bi /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Being frozen
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bi /></b>

::<b>ii. <section begin=req12bii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Being burned
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bii /></b>

::<b>iii. <section begin=req12biii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Having sunlight withheld
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12biii /></b>

::<b>iv. <section begin=req12biv /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Too little water
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12biv /></b>

::<b>v. <section begin=req12bv /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Too much water
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bv /></b>

::<b>vi. <section begin=req12bvi /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Being crushed or stepped on
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bvi /></b>

::<b>vii. <section begin=req12bvii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Being cut off at the ground as though it were overgrazed
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bvii /></b>

::<b>viii. <section begin=req12bviii /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Spills such as gasoline or oil
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bviii /></b>

::<b>ix. <section begin=req12bix /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Other
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12bix /></b>

<b>13. <section begin=req13 /><noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>Do at least two of the following:
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13 /></b>

<section end=Body />

<noinclude><translate>
[[Category:Honor Requirements|{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1|2}}]]
[[Category:Honor Requirements Revision 3|{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1|2}}]]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

Pilots/Grasslands/Requirements

2022-04-28T20:38:52Z

LADdy:

Pilots/Grasslands/Requirements

2022-04-28T20:26:47Z

LADdy:

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T17:11:11Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.

This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
The sites that can be designated as national parks or heritage sites depends on the rules and regulations of the country in which the site is located, but generally speaking, any area that is publicly owned by the government (or can be acquired buy the government), which has national significance due to the unique natural, historic, cultural, or architectural features found there, can be designated as a nationally protected site.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
To be considered for a UNESCO designation, a potential site must first have "outstanding universal value," making it valuable to more than just those who live in the nation or nations surrounding it. In addition, there are ten requirements, for which the site needs to qualify for at least one. According to the UNESCO "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention" these include:
*to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;

*to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

*to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

*to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

*to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

*to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

*to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;

*to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

*to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

*to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
UNESCO sites focus on the natural and cultural features that affect the world as a whole. Sites that are significant naturally may include natural wonders like the Grand Canyon or the Yellowstone Geysers in the United States and Yoko National Park in Canada, or may include sites of international cultural significance such as Quebec City in Canada, or the Statue of Liberty and Independence Hall in the United States.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 1,154 UNESCO sites worldwide, though more sites are added fairly regularly, and others are considered in danger.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The UNESCO organization voted to approve 34 new sites in 2021, including:

*Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island (Japan)

*Arslantepe Mound (Turkey)

*As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (Jordan)

*Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex (Peru)

*Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (Georgia)

*Colonies of Benevolence (Belgium)

*Cordouan Lighthouse (France)

*Cultural Landscape of Hawraman/Uramanat (Iran)

*Dholavira: a Harappan City (India)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (Austria)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes (Germany)

*Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats (Korea)

*Ḥimā Cultural Area (Saudi Arabia)

*Ivindo National Park (Gabon)

*Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (Japan)

*Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex (Thailand)

*Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (India)

*Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt (Germany)

*Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera (France)

*Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (Italy)

*Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences (Spain)

*Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea (Russia)

*Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China (China)

*Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (Romania)

*Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the Arica and Parinacota Region (Chile)

*ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz (Germany)

*Sítio Roberto Burle Marx (Brazil)

*Sudanese style mosques in northern Côte d’Ivoire (Côte d'Ivoire)

*The Great Spa Towns of Europe (Austria)

*The Porticoes of Bologna (Italy)

*The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales (United Kingdom)

*The work of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida (Uruguay)

*The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design (Slovenia)

*Trans-Iranian Railway (Iran)
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!

Many national parks or heritage sites require a purchased pass to use the site. The money made from the sale of passes helps to keep the site in good shape. The cost is usually fairly low. Other sites are free, and rely on donations and government funding to operate and provide maintenance.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Was the site used for lumber or mining? If the site is a building, was the building a school or home? Did anything else interesting happen at that site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If the site was protected, obviously it was considered to be nationally important. What reasons were given for creating the park? Were the reasons to protect something of historic significance? If the park wasn't protected, would natural features be damaged? What cultural features would be in danger without protection?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks support recreational activities such as hiking, biking, canoeing or boating, and sightseeing. Some also provide tours, horseback rides, rock climbing, sailing, and other activities. National historic or cultural sites often have displays, movies, or interactive experiences that help visitors understand the significance of the site better.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 

UNESCO Site criteria for selection [https://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/ here]

UNESCO Sites added in 2021 [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/&order=year#transboundary here]

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T17:09:53Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.

This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
The sites that can be designated as national parks or heritage sites depends on the rules and regulations of the country in which the site is located, but generally speaking, any area that is publicly owned by the government (or can be acquired buy the government), which has national significance due to the unique natural, historic, cultural, or architectural features found there, can be designated as a nationally protected site.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
To be considered for a UNESCO designation, a potential site must first have "outstanding universal value," making it valuable to more than just those who live in the nation or nations surrounding it. In addition, there are ten requirements, for which the site needs to qualify for at least one. According to the UNESCO "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention" these include:
*to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;

*to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

*to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

*to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

*to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

*to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

*to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;

*to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

*to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

*to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
UNESCO sites focus on the natural and cultural features that affect the world as a whole. Sites that are significant naturally may include natural wonders like the Grand Canyon or the Yellowstone Geysers in the United States and Yoko National Park in Canada, or may include sites of international cultural significance such as Quebec City in Canada, or the Statue of Liberty and Independence Hall in the United States.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 1,154 UNESCO sites worldwide, though more sites are added fairly regularly, and others are considered in danger.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The UNESCO organization voted to approve 34 new sites in 2021, including:

*Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island (Japan)

*Arslantepe Mound (Turkey)

*As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (Jordan)

*Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex (Peru)

*Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (Georgia)

*Colonies of Benevolence (Belgium)

*Cordouan Lighthouse (France)

*Cultural Landscape of Hawraman/Uramanat (Iran)

*Dholavira: a Harappan City (India)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (Austria)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes (Germany)

*Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats (Korea)

*Ḥimā Cultural Area (Saudi Arabia)

*Ivindo National Park (Gabon)

*Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (Japan)

*Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex (Thailand)

*Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (India)

*Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt (Germany)

*Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera (France)

*Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (Italy)

*Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences (Spain)

*Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea (Russia)

*Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China (China)

*Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (Romania)

*Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the Arica and Parinacota Region (Chile)

*ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz (Germany)

*Sítio Roberto Burle Marx (Brazil)

*Sudanese style mosques in northern Côte d’Ivoire (Côte d'Ivoire)

*The Great Spa Towns of Europe (Austria)

*The Porticoes of Bologna (Italy)

*The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales (United Kingdom)

*The work of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida (Uruguay)

*The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design (Slovenia)

*Trans-Iranian Railway (Iran)
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!

Many national parks or heritage sites require a purchased pass to use the site. The money made from the sale of passes helps to keep the site in good shape. The cost is usually fairly low. Other sites are free, and rely on donations and government funding to operate and provide maintenance.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Was the site used for lumber or mining? If the site is a building, was the building a school or home? Did anything else interesting happen at that site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If the site was protected, obviously it was considered to be nationally important. What reasons were given for creating the park? Were the reasons to protect something of historic significance? If the park wasn't protected, would natural features be damaged? What cultural features would be in danger without protection?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks support recreational activities such as hiking, biking, canoeing or boating, and sightseeing. Some also provide tours, horseback rides, rock climbing, sailing, and other activities. National historic or cultural sites often have displays, movies, or interactive experiences that help visitors understand the significance of the site better.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 

UNESCO Site criteria for selection [https://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/ here]
UNESCO Sites added in 2021 [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/&order=year#transboundary here]

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T17:07:38Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.

This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
The sites that can be designated as national parks or heritage sites depends on the rules and regulations of the country in which the site is located, but generally speaking, any area that is publicly owned by the government (or can be acquired buy the government), which has national significance due to the unique natural, historic, cultural, or architectural features found there, can be designated as a nationally protected site.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
To be considered for a UNESCO designation, a potential site must first have "outstanding universal value," making it valuable to more than just those who live in the nation or nations surrounding it. In addition, there are ten requirements, for which the site needs to qualify for at least one. According to the UNESCO "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention" these include:
*to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;

*to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

*to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

*to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

*to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

*to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

*to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;

*to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

*to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

*to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
UNESCO sites focus on the natural and cultural features that affect the world as a whole. Sites that are significant naturally may include natural wonders like the Grand Canyon or the Yellowstone Geysers in the United States and Yoko National Park in Canada, or may include sites of international cultural significance such as Quebec City in Canada, or the Statue of Liberty and Independence Hall in the United States.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 1,154 UNESCO sites worldwide, though more sites are added fairly regularly, and others are considered in danger.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The UNESCO organization voted to approve 34 new sites in 2021, including:

*Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island (Japan)

*Arslantepe Mound (Turkey)

*As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (Jordan)

*Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex (Peru)

*Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (Georgia)

*Colonies of Benevolence (Belgium)

*Cordouan Lighthouse (France)

*Cultural Landscape of Hawraman/Uramanat (Iran)

*Dholavira: a Harappan City (India)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (Austria)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes (Germany)

*Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats (Korea)

*Ḥimā Cultural Area (Saudi Arabia)

*Ivindo National Park (Gabon)

*Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (Japan)

*Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex (Thailand)

*Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (India)

*Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt (Germany)

*Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera (France)

*Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (Italy)

*Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences (Spain)

*Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea (Russia)

*Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China (China)

*Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (Romania)

*Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the Arica and Parinacota Region (Chile)

*ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz (Germany)

*Sítio Roberto Burle Marx (Brazil)

*Sudanese style mosques in northern Côte d’Ivoire (Côte d'Ivoire)

*The Great Spa Towns of Europe (Austria)

*The Porticoes of Bologna (Italy)

*The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales (United Kingdom)

*The work of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida (Uruguay)

*The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design (Slovenia)

*Trans-Iranian Railway (Iran)
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!

Many national parks or heritage sites require a purchased pass to use the site. The money made from the sale of passes helps to keep the site in good shape. The cost is usually fairly low. Other sites are free, and rely on donations and government funding to operate and provide maintenance.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Was the site used for lumber or mining? If the site is a building, was the building a school or home? Did anything else interesting happen at that site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If the site was protected, obviously it was considered to be nationally important. What reasons were given for creating the park? Were the reasons to protect something of historic significance? If the park wasn't protected, would natural features be damaged? What cultural features would be in danger without protection?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks support recreational activities such as hiking, biking, canoeing or boating, and sightseeing. Some also provide tours, horseback rides, rock climbing, sailing, and other activities. National historic or cultural sites often have displays, movies, or interactive experiences that help visitors understand the significance of the site better.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T17:07:02Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.

This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
The sites that can be designated as national parks or heritage sites depends on the rules and regulations of the country in which the site is located, but generally speaking, any area that is publicly owned by the government (or can be acquired buy the government), which has national significance due to the unique natural, historic, cultural, or architectural features found there, can be designated as a nationally protected site.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
To be considered for a UNESCO designation, a potential site must first have "outstanding universal value," making it valuable to more than just those who live in the nation or nations surrounding it. In addition, there are ten requirements, for which the site needs to qualify for at least one. According to the UNESCO "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention" these include:
*to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;

*to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

*to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

*to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

*to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

*to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

*to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;

*to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

*to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

*to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
UNESCO sites focus on the natural and cultural features that affect the world as a whole. Sites that are significant naturally may include natural wonders like the Grand Canyon or the Yellowstone Geysers in the United States and Yoko National Park in Canada, or may include sites of international cultural significance such as Quebec City in Canada, or the Statue of Liberty and Independence Hall in the United States.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 1,154 UNESCO sites worldwide, though more sites are added fairly regularly, and others are considered in danger.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The UNESCO organization voted to approve 34 new sites in 2021, including:

*Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island (Japan)

*Arslantepe Mound (Turkey)

*As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (Jordan)

*Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex (Peru)

*Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (Georgia)

*Colonies of Benevolence (Belgium)

*Cordouan Lighthouse (France)

*Cultural Landscape of Hawraman/Uramanat (Iran)

*Dholavira: a Harappan City (India)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (Austria)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes (Germany)

*Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats (Korea)

*Ḥimā Cultural Area (Saudi Arabia)

*Ivindo National Park (Gabon)

*Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (Japan)

*Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex (Thailand)

*Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (India)

*Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt (Germany)

*Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera (France)

*Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (Italy)

*Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences (Spain)

*Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea (Russia)

*Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China (China)

*Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (Romania)

*Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the Arica and Parinacota Region (Chile)

*ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz (Germany)

*Sítio Roberto Burle Marx (Brazil)

*Sudanese style mosques in northern Côte d’Ivoire (Côte d'Ivoire)

*The Great Spa Towns of Europe (Austria)

*The Porticoes of Bologna (Italy)

*The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales (United Kingdom)

*The work of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida (Uruguay)

*The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design (Slovenia)

*Trans-Iranian Railway (Iran)
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!

Many national parks or heritage sites require a purchased pass to use the site. The money made from the sale of passes helps to keep the site in good shape. The cost is usually fairly low. Other sites are free, and rely on donations and government funding to operate and provide maintenance.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Was the site used for lumber or mining? If the site is a building, was the building a school or home? Did anything else interesting happen at that site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If the site was protected, obviously it was considered to be nationally important. What reasons were given for creating the park? Were the reasons to protect something of historic significance? If the park wasn't protected, would natural features be damaged? What cultural features would be in danger without protection?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks support recreational activities such as hiking, biking, canoeing or boating, and sightseeing. Some also provide tours, horseback rides, rock climbing, sailing, and other activities. National historic or cultural sites often have displays, movies, or interactive experiences that help visitors understand the significance of the site better.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T17:05:50Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.

This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
The sites that can be designated as national parks or heritage sites depends on the rules and regulations of the country in which the site is located, but generally speaking, any area that is publicly owned by the government (or can be acquired buy the government), which has national significance due to the unique natural, historic, cultural, or architectural features found there, can be designated as a nationally protected site.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
To be considered for a UNESCO designation, a potential site must first have "outstanding universal value," making it valuable to more than just those who live in the nation or nations surrounding it. In addition, there are ten requirements, for which the site needs to qualify for at least one. According to the UNESCO "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention" these include:
*to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;

*to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

*to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

*to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

*to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

*to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

*to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;

*to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

*to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

*to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
UNESCO sites focus on the natural and cultural features that affect the world as a whole. Sites that are significant naturally may include natural wonders like the Grand Canyon or the Yellowstone Geysers in the United States and Yoko National Park in Canada, or may include sites of international cultural significance such as Quebec City in Canada, or the Statue of Liberty and Independence Hall in the United States.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 1,154 UNESCO sites worldwide, though more sites are added fairly regularly, and others are considered in danger.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The UNESCO organization voted to approve 34 new sites in 2021, including:

*Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island (Japan)

*Arslantepe Mound (Turkey)

*As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (Jordan)

*Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex (Peru)

*Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (Georgia)

*Colonies of Benevolence (Belgium)

*Cordouan Lighthouse (France)

*Cultural Landscape of Hawraman/Uramanat (Iran)

*Dholavira: a Harappan City (India)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (Austria)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes (Germany)

*Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats (Korea)

*Ḥimā Cultural Area (Saudi Arabia)

*Ivindo National Park (Gabon)

*Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (Japan)

*Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex (Thailand)

*Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (India)

*Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt (Germany)

*Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera (France)

*Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (Italy)

*Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences (Spain)

*Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea (Russia)

*Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China (China)

*Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (Romania)

*Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the Arica and Parinacota Region (Chile)

*ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz (Germany)

*Sítio Roberto Burle Marx (Brazil)

*Sudanese style mosques in northern Côte d’Ivoire (Côte d'Ivoire)

*The Great Spa Towns of Europe (Austria)

*The Porticoes of Bologna (Italy)

*The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales (United Kingdom)

*The work of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida (Uruguay)

*The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design (Slovenia)

*Trans-Iranian Railway (Iran)
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!

Many national parks or heritage sites require a purchased pass to use the site. The money made from the sale of passes helps to keep the site in good shape. The cost is usually fairly low. Other sites are free, and rely on donations and government funding to operate and provide maintenance.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Was the site used for lumber or mining? If the site is a building, was the building a school or home? Did anything else interesting happen at that site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If the site was protected, obviously it was considered to be nationally important. What reasons were given for creating the park? Were the reasons to protect something of historic significance? If the park wasn't protected, would natural features be damaged? What cultural features would be in danger without protection?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks support recreational activities such as hiking, biking, canoeing or boating, and sightseeing. Some also provide tours, horseback rides, rock climbing, sailing, and other activities. National historic or cultural sites often have displays, movies, or interactive experiences that help visitors understand the significance of the site better.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T16:53:09Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.

This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
The sites that can be designated as national parks or heritage sites depends on the rules and regulations of the country in which the site is located, but generally speaking, any area that is publicly owned by the government (or can be acquired buy the government), which has national significance due to the unique natural, historic, cultural, or architectural features found there, can be designated as a nationally protected site.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
To be considered for a UNESCO designation, a potential site must first have "outstanding universal value," making it valuable to more than just those who live in the nation or nations surrounding it. In addition, there are ten requirements, for which the site needs to qualify for at least one. According to the UNESCO "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention" these include:
*to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;

*to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

*to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

*to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

*to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

*to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

*to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;

*to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

*to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

*to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
UNESCO sites focus on the natural and cultural features that affect the world as a whole. Sites that are significant naturally may include natural wonders like the Grand Canyon or the Yellowstone Geysers in the United States and Yoko National Park in Canada, or may include sites of international cultural significance such as Quebec City in Canada, or the Statue of Liberty and Independence Hall in the United States.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 1,154 UNESCO sites worldwide, though more sites are added fairly regularly, and others are considered in danger.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The UNESCO organization voted to approve 34 new sites in 2021, including:

*Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island (Japan)

*Arslantepe Mound (Turkey)

*As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (Jordan)

*Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex (Peru)

*Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (Georgia)

*Colonies of Benevolence (Belgium)

*Cordouan Lighthouse (France)

*Cultural Landscape of Hawraman/Uramanat (Iran)

*Dholavira: a Harappan City (India)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (Austria)

*Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes (Germany)

*Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats (Korea)

*Ḥimā Cultural Area (Saudi Arabia)

*Ivindo National Park (Gabon)

*Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (Japan)

*Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex (Thailand)

*Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (India)

*Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt (Germany)

*Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera (France)

*Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (Italy)

*Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences (Spain)

*Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea (Russia)

*Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China (China)

*Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (Romania)

*Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the Arica and Parinacota Region (Chile)

*ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz (Germany)

*Sítio Roberto Burle Marx (Brazil)

*Sudanese style mosques in northern Côte d’Ivoire (Côte d'Ivoire)

*The Great Spa Towns of Europe (Austria)

*The Porticoes of Bologna (Italy)

*The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales (United Kingdom)

*The work of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida (Uruguay)

*The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design (Slovenia)

*Trans-Iranian Railway (Iran)
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T16:24:03Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.

This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
Most national parks or heritage sites are meant to have several functions. For example, most national parks preserve specific unique parts of nature and provide a place for recreation, often teaching about history and science alongside this. Heritage sites typically teach about nationally significant events and people or cultures and may also serve as a recreational park. However, some sites, specifically certain national monuments in the United States, are specifically to commemorate something or someone, and are not designed to be recreational at all.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
To be considered for a UNESCO designation, a potential site must first have "outstanding universal value," making it valuable to more than just those who live in the nation or nations surrounding it. In addition, there are ten requirements, for which the site needs to qualify for at least one. According to the UNESCO "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention" these include:
*to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;
*to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;
*to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;
*to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;
*to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;
*to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);
*to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;
*to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;
*to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;
*to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T16:16:30Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.

This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
Most national parks or heritage sites are meant to have several functions. For example, most national parks preserve specific unique parts of nature and provide a place for recreation, often teaching about history and science alongside this. Heritage sites typically teach about nationally significant events and people or cultures and may also serve as a recreational park. However, some sites, specifically certain national monuments in the United States, are specifically to commemorate something or someone, and are not designed to be recreational at all.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T16:15:46Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.

This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
Most national parks or heritage sites are meant to have several functions. For example, most national parks preserve specific unique parts of nature and provide a place for recreation, often teaching about history and science alongside this. Heritage sites typically teach about nationally significant events and people or cultures and may also serve as a recreational park. However, some sites, specifically certain national monuments in the United States, are specifically to commemorate something or someone, and are not designed to be recreational at all.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T16:10:16Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.
This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-11T16:09:00Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.
This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-11-10T20:09:23Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=National Parks and Heritage Sites}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are four major territories (the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and Micronesia), as well as several territories of other nations, in the North American Division, most of which have their own method of classifying national parks and heritage sites. The country's national park system that you choose will be different from the other countries in the NAD, so the answers to the questions later in the honor will vary depending on your choice. You can find information on the United State's National Park Service on their website [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm here], and information on Canada's national park system Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index here].
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the process to create a new national park can be complicated. While the President of the United States can create a new national monument on government-owned land, it takes an act of Congress to create a new national park. First, someone needs to submit a proposal for the new park. The proposal is then evaluated to see if the proposed park would have national significance, and if it would even be reasonable to try to create the park. Then, once the proposal to create the park is approved, committees start to work to get the logistics of creating the new park in line, such as checking into who owns the land, the best routes to get to the new site, costs of land management, and more. The proposal is then submitted to Congress, which refines and edits the plan, then approves or vetoes the plan. If the plan is approved, an act of Congress is issued formally designating and protecting the new national park.

This process is similar to the one followed in the creation of new Canadian national parks. The process is posted explained well on the Parks Canada webpage, which you can find [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip/sec2/part2a/part2a3 here]
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
In the United States, the national parks system is run and operated by the National Parks Service, though they have help from the National Forest Service and other agencies. Parks Canada is responsible for the management and maintenance of Canadian national parks.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
There are currently 38 National Parks in Canada, with an additional 10 National Park Reserves, and one National Urban Park. However, according to Parks Canada, there are nearly 1,000 national historic sites across Canada. The United States has 63 National Parks, included in the total of 423 sites (as of November, 2021) including national parks, historic sites, monuments, and all the other designations used by the National Parks System. The number changes fairly regularly.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2av|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
The most recent Canada Parks addition was the Thaidene Nëné Reserve (established August 21, 2019). The most recent United States National Parks System addition was the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve (established December 27, 2020).
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2avi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Be creative in your presentation of what you saw and learned during your visits. Consider using videos, slideshows, displays, or other creative means to share your experience.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
<noinclude><translate>
What would be the use of studying a national park or heritage site without actually visiting a few? This is a chance for you to apply the knowledge you've learned in this honor in a real way! Consider researching the site before your visit so you can understand the features of the site even better while you are there!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}}
<noinclude><translate>
A natural site is a site that was created to protect a specific natural landform or phenomenon. For example, Yellowstone National Park and Arches National Park in the United States, and Jasper National Park in Canada all protect naturally-occurring landforms or phenomena that could be damaged if left unprotected. On the other hand, Kejimkujik National Park in Canada and Mesa Verde National Park in the United States both protect ancient petroglyphs and dwellings important in the study of the cultures of ancient civilizations. In contrast, historic sites such as Chimney Rock, the homes of many founding fathers, and many of the attractions along Pennsylvania Avenue in the Capitol of the United States serve to commemorate a specific time, event, or person in the history of the nation. Finally, mixed-use parks, such as Banff National Park in Canada and Grand Canyon National Park in the United States serve both as a means of protecting a valuable landscape or landform, but also to give recreation opportunities!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}}
<noinclude><translate>
The visitor center may have brochures, displays, or stuff who are usually more than happy to tell you about the history of their site and answer any other questions you might have.
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ci|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
When was the idea to preserve the park created? When was it officially protected by law?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Were there any specific people who were instrumental in the creation of the park or heritage center? What about organizations? How did these make a difference in the preservation of the site?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3ciii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
What was the goal or goals in creating the site? Was it to be a memorial to certain people or events? To protect an area of unique natural landforms? What about to create recreation areas?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3civ|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
Most parks in the United States are measured in either acres or square miles. In Canada, this would typically be measured in square kilometers. What can you compare the size of the park to if you were going to describe it to someone? Would it be the size of your city or county? Maybe half the size of a specific province or state?
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cv|dispreq=v}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvi|dispreq=vi}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3cvii|dispreq=vii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3di|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Do any of their duties involve directly working to maintain the park or heritage site? What about raising awareness? Are there any duties that the employee considers the most important?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3dii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
What makes the duties that the employee enjoys most so enjoyable? What makes their least favorite duties distasteful? Which duties are the most difficult?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3diii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Are there any features that are unique about the park that require special protection? What would happen to the park if the features were not carefully maintained and preserved?
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3div|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Getting involved in the protection and preservation of our world is the entire purpose of this honor. There may even be some projects that you and your group can work on while you are there visiting the park or heritage site!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-11-10T18:43:40Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website [https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm here]. For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all here]. For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ here].
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 1
| verse = 26 - 28
| text =
<br>
:(26) Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

:(27) So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

:(28) Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”
}}

{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 2
| verse = 15
| text =
<br>
:Then the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to tend and keep it.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Psalm
| chapter = 24
| verse = 1
| text =
<br>
:The earth is the Lord’s, and all its fullness,
::The world and those who dwell therein.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = Nkjv
| book = Psalm
| chapter = 95
| verse = 5
| text =
<br>
:The sea is His, for He made it;
:And His hands formed the dry land.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Jeremiah
| chapter = 2
| verse = 7
| text =
<br>
:I brought you into a bountiful country,
:To eat its fruit and its goodness.
:But when you entered, you defiled My land
:And made My heritage an abomination.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
United States' National Park Service [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm webpage]

Canada's Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index webpage]

UNESCO World Heritage Site [https://whc.unesco.org webpage]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-11-10T18:43:02Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website [https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm here]. For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all here]. For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ here].
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 1
| verse = 26 - 28
| text =
<br>
:(26) Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

:(27) So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

:(28) Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”
}}

{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 2
| verse = 15
| text =
<br>
:Then the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to tend and keep it.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Psalm
| chapter = 24
| verse = 1
| text =
<br>
:The earth is the Lord’s, and all its fullness,
::The world and those who dwell therein.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = Nkjv
| book = Psalm
| chapter = 95
| verse = 5
| text =
<br>
:The sea is His, for He made it;
:And His hands formed the dry land.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Jeremiah
| chapter = 2
| verse = 7
| text =
<br>
:I brought you into a bountiful country,
:To eat its fruit and its goodness.
:But when you entered, you defiled My land
:And made My heritage an abomination.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
United States' National Park Service's [https://www.nps.gov/index.htm webpage]

Canada's Parks Canada [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index webpage]

UNESCO World Heritage Site [https://whc.unesco.org webpage]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-11-10T18:40:50Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website [https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm here]. For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all here]. For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ here].
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 1
| verse = 26 - 28
| text =
<br>
:(26) Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

:(27) So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

:(28) Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”
}}

{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 2
| verse = 15
| text =
<br>
:Then the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to tend and keep it.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Psalm
| chapter = 24
| verse = 1
| text =
<br>
:The earth is the Lord’s, and all its fullness,
::The world and those who dwell therein.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = Nkjv
| book = Psalm
| chapter = 95
| verse = 5
| text =
<br>
:The sea is His, for He made it;
:And His hands formed the dry land.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Jeremiah
| chapter = 2
| verse = 7
| text =
<br>
:I brought you into a bountiful country,
:To eat its fruit and its goodness.
:But when you entered, you defiled My land
:And made My heritage an abomination.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
United States' National Park Service's webpage (https://www.nps.gov/index.htm)

Canada's Parks Canada webpage (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/index)

UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage(https://whc.unesco.org)
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-11-10T18:36:23Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website [https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm here]. For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all here]. For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ here].
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 1
| verse = 26 - 28
| text =
<br>
:(26) Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

:(27) So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

:(28) Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”
}}

{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 2
| verse = 15
| text =
<br>
:Then the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to tend and keep it.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Psalm
| chapter = 24
| verse = 1
| text =
<br>
:The earth is the Lord’s, and all its fullness,
::The world and those who dwell therein.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = Nkjv
| book = Psalm
| chapter = 95
| verse = 5
| text =
<br>
:The sea is His, for He made it;
:And His hands formed the dry land.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Jeremiah
| chapter = 2
| verse = 7
| text =
<br>
:I brought you into a bountiful country,
:To eat its fruit and its goodness.
:But when you entered, you defiled My land
:And made My heritage an abomination.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-11-10T18:35:19Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website [https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm here]. For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all here]. For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ here].
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 1
| verse = 26 - 28
| text =
<br>
:(26) Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

:(27) So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

:(28) Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”
}}

{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 2
| verse = 15
| text =
<br>
:Then the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to tend and keep it.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Psalm
| chapter = 24
| verse = 1
| text =
<br>
:The earth is the Lord’s, and all its fullness,
::The world and those who dwell therein.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = Nkjv
| book = Psalm
| chapter = 95
| verse = 5
| text =
<br>
:The sea is His, for He made it;
::And His hands formed the dry land.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Jeremiah
| chapter = 2
| verse = 7
| text =
<br>
:I brought you into a bountiful country,
::To eat its fruit and its goodness.
::But when you entered, you defiled My land
::And made My heritage an abomination.
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-11-10T18:29:59Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website [https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm here]. For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all here]. For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ here].
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 1
| verse = 26 - 28
| text =
<br>
:(26) Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

:(27) So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

:(28) Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”
}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-11-10T18:28:54Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website [https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm here]. For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all here]. For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ here].
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{Bible verse
| version = NKJV
| book = Genesis
| chapter = 1
| verse = 26 - 28
| text =
<br>
:(26) Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

:(27) So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

:(28) Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”
}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-11-10T18:04:32Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website [https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm here]. For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website [https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all here]. For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ here].
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-11-10T17:58:04Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website [https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm here]. For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-11-10T17:57:23Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website [https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm here). For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-10-19T18:40:45Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website (https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm). For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos about national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-10-19T18:39:49Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website (https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm). For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
There are many great videos on national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-10-19T18:38:53Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website (https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm). For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There are many great videos on national parks online. Expedia creates some excellent videos that show the best places to visit for many national parks and historic sites. Many YouTubers also create video tours of their own experiences at the parks or historic sites.

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}

{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-10-19T17:53:04Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website (https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm). For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}

Here's a tour of Canada's Banff National Park, (also a UNESCO Site) from one YouTuber's perspective.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=keEQ_jirkT8}}

{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-10-19T16:29:30Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website (https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm). For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Object lessons are easy to create. Look around you! As you complete this honor, is there anything that stood out to you about the importance of caring for God's creation? Read the verses below and some ideas may come to mind! If you visit a national park, think about the projects the park is doing to conserve the nature that has been entrusted to it, and ask yourself how the park might be carrying out the responsibility that God gave us without even knowing it! You might be surprised how easy it is to come up with an object lesson once you start looking!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Learn a little more about a specific park or heritage site that interests you! Even if it may be impossible for you to visit them in person, that doesn't stop you from getting to know more about the site from a distance! To find the information below, you can check to see if the national park or heritage site has a website. If so, most of the information could probably be found there under a title "about the park" or "history". If you can't find the information there, you could also send the park a letter or an email asking for fliers and such that might help you find the information. Also, if you can visit the location in person, you should be able to find all the answers in the visitor's center!

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

This video is a great overview of Yosemite National Park in California.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2GmipPf-Krk}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

Many national parks and heritage sites have "passport" programs that encourage people to visit and learn about these sites. These passport books typically only serve one system (for example, the US National Parks System has a different and more complete passport system than the Canada Parks system, which may not always have passport stamps, but might have other collectibles for visitors of the park.
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-10-03T03:26:56Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website (https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm). For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:
*Aachen Cathedral (Germany)
*City of Quito (Ecuador)
*Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)
*Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
*Island of Goree (Senegal)
*L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)
*Mesa Verde National Park (United States)
*Nahanni National Park (Canada)
*Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)
*Simien National Park (Ethiopia)
*Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)
*Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





In the United States, the National Park Service oversees and maintains a large number of areas known as "national park areas" or "national protected areas." These are relative terms that describe all the land that the government owns and protects from development. However, these land areas have been broken down into a variety of other more specific categories:

*Cooperative Management and Protection Areas
*Forest Reserves
*National Conservation Areas
*National Estuarine Research Reserves
*National Forest
*National Grasslands
*National Historic Trails
*National Lakeshores
*National Marine Sanctuaries
*National Monuments
*National Parks
*National Preserves
*National Recreation Areas
*National Scenic Trails
*National Seashores
*National Trails System
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers
*National Wild and Scenic Rivers System
*National Wilderness Preservation System
*National Wildlife Refuge System
*Outstanding Natural Areas
*Wilderness Areas
*Wilderness Study Areas

In Canada, these are categorized similarly, but there are fewer categories:

*National Park
*National Park Reserve
*National Marine Conservation Area
*National Marine Conservation Reserve
*National Urban Park
*National Landmark
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A national park is overseen by the nation's government itself and are locations of national importance. In the case of the United States, this would be the National Parks Service, as well as the US Forest Service at times. In Canada, this organization is known as Parks Canada. These organizations oversee the protection, managed development, staffing, care, and maintenance of these areas.

A state or provincial park, on the other hand, is managed and maintained by the local state or provincial government. These areas may have significance to the local area which would lead to the state protecting it, but they do not have the national importance required to make it a national park or monument. These state parks are managed, maintained, and staffed by the states themselves.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
This is an opportunity for you to show what you've learned about national parks and historic sites! Remember, one of the most important goals for a national park is to preserve a special area for future visits, and even future generations. You can help share the importance of protecting and caring for these special areas by showing the unique features that make it special to people who may not be able to visit in person. It would be ideal to complete this requirement while you work on Requirement 7.
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks or historic sites offer kids an opportunity to learn about the park's history and features by giving them a booklet to fill out. Participants can visit areas of the park or visitor's center and find the information that is required to complete the book, then bring the book back for the opportunity to receive a special pin or badge! Usually, this is free for all those who complete the program. You might even be able to mail the booklet in if you can't finish it before you need to leave. Many sites will even let parents and other adults get in on the fun!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
If you are planning to visit a UNESCO or national park site, you will probably want to take pictures to document your adventure! To fulfill this requirement, organize the pictures in a fun and thoughtful way!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You will see many things during your visit you may want to preserve by painting or drawing a picture of it. Let your creative juices flow! Make sure you share it with your instructor or unit! You might even include it in your creative project from Requirement 5!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
You won't regret visiting a UNESCO, national park, or historic site! They offer great opportunities to get out into nature and experience sights, sounds, and smells you might not be able to experience elsewhere. Make sure you share what you experienced with your instructor or unit! You might even tell about it in your creative project from Requirement 5!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
Many national parks have programs that allow visitors to help out in various ways around the park. Opportunities may range from helping clean up trash for a few hours, trail clearing, and planting trees, to extended volunteer projects up to six months. There are countless projects you can create your presentation about!

If you choose this option, why don't you participate in the conservation project? You can select a national park or historic area and ask them what you can do to help. The needs at each location will vary, so be sure you know where you want to go first!
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-10-02T00:58:28Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website (https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm). For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:

-Aachen Cathedral (Germany)

-City of Quito (Ecuador)

-Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)

-Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)

-Island of Goree (Senegal)

-L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)

-Mesa Verde National Park (United States)

-Nahanni National Park (Canada)

-Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)

-Simien National Park (Ethiopia)

-Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)

-Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-10-02T00:58:02Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website (https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm). For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The process of establishing the first UNESCO World Heritage sites began in 1972, but the first UNESCO sites were officially designated in September of 1978.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of the creation of UNESCO sites was conservation of places that had significance to world history, science, culture, and education. The official statement said that creating these sites would help to preserve "the achievements of our time, the values of the past and the beauty of nature.”
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Twelve sites were included in the original selection of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including

-Aachen Cathedral (Germany)

-City of Quito (Ecuador)

-Cracow’s Historic Centre (Poland)

-Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)

-Island of Goree (Senegal)

-L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park (Canada)

-Mesa Verde National Park (United States)

-Nahanni National Park (Canada)

-Rock Hewn Churches (Lalibela, Ethiopia)

-Simien National Park (Ethiopia)

-Wieliczka – salt mine (Poland)

-Yellowstone National Park (United States)
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
To find a UNESCO World Heritage Site near you, you can visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site webpage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/National Parks and Heritage Sites/Answer Key

2021-10-02T00:42:15Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}
<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
A national park is a site or area that a national government has set aside with protection from development, changing, or specific types of use, because the land or area is considered special or valuable due to the scenery, history, or scientific importance. In the United States, the National Park Service Act of 1916 set up the National Parks System to establish and maintain national parks, monuments, and other places of significant national importance.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was founded on November 16, 1945, and part of its mission is to preserve and maintain sites worldwide that are significant to, you guessed it, education, science, and culture! In contrast to the national parks systems set up by a single nation, the UNESCO organization oversees sites that have global significance, regardless of the site's location.

It is important to note that a specific site can be a national park or historic site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For example, the United State's Mesa Verde National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as the United State's Statue of Liberty, Independence Hall, and Papahānaumokuākea National Monument.

{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




</translate></noinclude></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2ai|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Although the concept of national parks had been around for several hundred years already, the United States was the first to take major steps to create a system for the creation, preservation, and management of national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
There were hundreds, if not thousands of individuals who contributed to the establishment and protection of national parks, but several of note include individuals like Presidents Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Theodore Rosevelt, geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden, photographer William Henry Jackson, painter Thomas Moran, and naturalist John Muir.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
The purpose of protecting areas of natural significance allowed the government to preserve and police it while still allowing it to be used for public enjoyment. There were fears that areas of national importance, especially areas of unique natural formations and scenery would be damaged or destroyed, or that these areas could be purchased by private property owners who might keep the rest of the public from enjoying the unique nature that the country had to offer. By reserving these areas, not only were these people protecting the land for future enjoyment, but they were preventing it from being sold to someone who might not allow others to enjoy the land.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2aiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
If you live in the United States, you can easily find national parks or historic sites near you by going to the National Park Service's website (https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm). For those in Canada, you can visit the Parks Canada website (https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/voyage-travel/recherche-tous-parks-all). For those living outside the United States or Canada, visit the website of the organization that oversees your country's national parks and historic sites.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bi|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2bii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2biv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7ei|dispreq=i}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eii|dispreq=ii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiii|dispreq=iii}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7eiv|dispreq=iv}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Hydroponics and Aquaponics/Answer Key

2021-10-01T18:53:02Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<u>'''[[w:Aquaponics|Aquaponics]]'''</u>: A system using fish waste to fertilize plant growth. Plants filter the water and return the cleaned water to the fish. Basically a contained ecosystem.


<u>'''[[w:Hydroponics|Hydroponics]]'''</u>: Similar to aquaponics, minus the fish. A system of growing plants without soil, but often involving gravel, sand, or other media.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





''Similarities'': Both include the growth of plants (obviously), utilize water, and are productive in growing food for human consumption. Hydroponics often involves fertilizers. Aquaponics involves an ecosystem.


''Differences'': Neither hydroponics nor aquaponics involves the use of soil. Aquaponics does not use fertilizers but does use fish and hydroponics is not a complete ecosystem. Both are often built indoors to accommodate better temperature control.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





'''[https://smartgardenguide.com/what-is-wick-system-hydroponics/ Wick System]''': Consists of a water reservoir, a container to grow the plants in (often set on top of the water reservoir), and a wick, made of anything from felt to cotton to coconut coir. Moving water from the water reservoir to the plant by means of a wick. Similar to the way oil is drawn up the wick in a lamp, the water is moved close to a plant's roots for absorption.<br /><br />


'''[[w:Deep_water_culture|Deep Water Culture]]''': Consists of a water reservoir, containers with which the plants are suspended into the water and a way to keep them on the surface, and an air pump and air stone. The plants are suspended in such a way that the roots sit directly in the water. The air stone is put in the water under the plants to aerate the water to ensure that the plants don't suffocate or drown. This is one of the most common system setups.
[[File:Deep water culture.jpg|thumb|left|Deep water culture]]<br /><br />
{{clear}}


'''[[w:Nutrient_film_technique|Nutrient Film Technique]]''': Similar to Deep Water Culture and popular commercially. Consists of a water reservoir, a pump and a separate growing tray for the plants. The water is pumped from the tank to the tray which is sloped to cause the water to flow from one end to the other to water the plants. When the water reaches the other end, it flows back into the reservoir.
[[File:2009-03-07 Rix Dobbs' NFT hydro set-up.jpg|left|thumb|A home-built NFT hydroponic system]]<br /><br />
{{clear}}


'''[https://www.trees.com/gardening-and-landscaping/ebb-and-flow-hydroponics Flood and Drain]''': Consists of a water reservoir, a tray for the plants, and sometimes a water pump. The plants are not constantly exposed to water in this system, but at certain times per day, the roots are flooded for a certain period of time, then drained. This can be done manually by filling it by hand, or by pump, or even more advanced by attaching the pump to a timer.
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2iqOqBCrL5g}}<br /><br />
{{clear}}


'''[https://www.trees.com/gardening-and-landscaping/hydroponic-drip-system Drip Systems]''': Consists of a water reservoir, a plant tray, and a pump with tubing to each plant. The pump pumps water from the reservoir through the tubing to drip into the individual plant containers. The water that seeps out of the bottom is collected in the tray and returned to the reservoir. This system is most common commercially as the set-up cost is a bit higher than many of the other models and requires a little more maintenance.
{{#widget:YouTube|id=_oYc9S73AAE}}<br /><br />
{{clear}}


'''[[w:Aeroponics|Aeroponics]]''': One of the most complex and high-tech system. Consists of a water reservoir (as always) with a watertight or near water tight lid into which the plants are attached, their roots hanging into the container below. The roots do not rest in water as with the Deep-Water Culture system, but a mister inside the system keeps the roots moist, watering them through this mist rather than from direct contact with the water.
[[File:Aeroponic-propagation-soft-tissue.jpg|thumb|left|Close-up of the first patented aeroponic plant support structure (1983). Its unrestricted support of the plant allows for normal growth in the air/moisture environment, and is still in use today.]]<br /><br />
{{clear}}


''How do aquaponics systems compare'': Aquaponics systems are very similar except for the fact that aquaponics includes fish in the cycle. This may cause problems in some of the systems such as drip systems as the system has to work around the solid fish waste. This can clog systems and disrupt the cycle, possibly causing overflow and flooding.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Hydro/aquaponics are:
# Somewhat easy to set up
# Do not take much space
# Can be easily scalable to the size of the space that they are being grown in
# Can grow plants on racks stacked above each other, which means more plants per foot of space
# Can be built nearly anywhere including in the middle of big cities
# Are more easily controlled with fewer losses
# Are relatively inexpensive and accessible to all
# Can be a good way to grow organic food
# Can be a source of income


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





''Aquaponics'': Does not require fertilizers, simple to set up, dual income from both the plant and the fish, minimized disease.


''Hydroponics'': Does not have to deal with fish health, can be stacked more easily for maximized floor space efficiency, less smell.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A medium, in this case, is a non-soil substance in which the plants grow but receive no or minimum nutrients from. The purpose of this is to keep the plants in an upright position and to allow water and/or fish waste to become trapped around the plants roots for absorption. Examples of these are gravel, sand, coconut coir, wood chips, clay balls, or Perlite.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





Hydroponic and aquaponic systems both produce much higher yields in comparison to more common farming, such as large scale outdoor farming. These yields of hydro/aquaponics average from 10 to 12 times the yield of outdoor agriculture per acre, but have been cited to be up to 100 times per acre in some rare cases.


Hydroponics and aquaponics can be very similar as far as yields go, depending on the system, the lighting, the quality of water, the fertilizers, etc. An important note to remember is that fish waste is a highly nutritious and natural fertilizer and the size and quality of the plants grown in it are often much better than those grown in fertilized water.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





Hydroponics:
In many commercial growing settings, the plants do not have strong immune systems since they have not been exposed to the outdoor life which would harden them against diseases. This is in contrast to aquaponics which has a bit more exposure due to the fish and the bacteria associated with them. Many commercial hydroponic systems require a near sterile environment because of this. Diseases include powdery mildew, root rot, rust, botrytis, among many others.


Aquaponics: Some of the most common diseases for the plants include powdery mildew, tomato spotted wilt virus, and deficiencies such as iron and magnesium.


<gallery>
Powdery mildew 9.jpg|Powdery Mildew
Root rot in cicer arietinum (hydro-grown).jpg|Root Rot
Wheat leaf rust on wheat.jpg|Rust
Aardbei Lambada vruchtrot Botrytis cinerea.jpg|Botrytis
Tomato spotted wilt virus 5356805-PPT.png|Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Cinnamomum camphora mineral deficiency IMG 4395.JPG|Iron Deficiency
Frangula alnus with magnesium deficiency.jpg|Magnesium Deficiency
</gallery>


Powdery Mildew: Develops when standing water is allowed prolonged contact with the plant in areas other than its roots. Prevention involves avoiding allowing this water from pooling on or around the stems and leaves of the plants. Fungicides and other treatments are available that will help to curb this problem. Also, sprays that are high in potassium are highly suggested in the growing world for this.


Root Rot: Caused by bacteria around the roots that eat at them until the plant dies. If caught soon enough, remove the infected area and spray with fungicide.


Rust: Not rust as in oxidized iron. High humidity is the cause of this. Most often found under the leaves as red powdery spots. To prevent from spreading, spot treat with rust- prevention chemicals.


Botrytis: Fuzzy white areas on leaves. Caused by poor ventilation. Take off affected plant parts and create better air flow.


Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus: It looks just like the name suggests. There is not a treatment for it, so removing a plant that looks odd is key before it can spread. The produce will ripen oddly and the skin of the plant's fruit will develop odd welts. Not a good sign.
Deficiencies: In an aquaponics system, this may be caused because the fish may compete with the plants for a certain nutrient. Also, pH can cause damages as well. Taking water tests for serious growers and keeping the water moving and clean for less experienced growers will help to solve this problem.


Fish Diseases: Then there are fish diseases. Anything that affects the fish has the possibility to affect the plants. This may or may not be a transfer of diseases, but if the water gets toxic for the fish, it is probable that it is not be good for the plants either.
Insect Infestation: These can be a major cause of concern as the plants are inside, unexposed to a number of animals that would keep the plants free of the pests. In a hydroponics system, manually removing the insects or using insecticides are recommended. Since insecticides cannot be used in aquaponics, manually removing the insects is good, but removing the plant and letting it soak completely in the fish's water for a while will cause the insects to let go. A great source of food for the fish!


Treatment: One of the best treatments is prevention. More specific prevention from spreading. If a leaf looks odd, take it off. If a plant looks sickly, replace it. There may be reasons that the plant is not doing well, especially if the other plants are thriving. If all the plants are sickly, that is a sign that either the entire system is infected, or there is a deficiency. Of course, this is assuming that water and light, humidity, and the other basic elements of plant survival are adequate.


The simple answer to why you should never use chemicals in an aquaponics system is because using chemicals will affect the fish poorly.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





This completely depends on the type of system being built, as well as how intricate you plan to make it. Refer back to question 5 for more specifics. Here's a list of components you might need to set up your system:


Hydroponics:
a). A container for water
b). A tray for plants, possibly one that can be set over the water reservoir
c). A pump and tubing, depending on the system
d). PVC pipe and connectors or other material if stacking the plant trays
e). Electricity for plugging in equipment
f). Air pump and air stone, depending on the system
g). Plants
h). A fertilizer of some sort
i). Sun light and/or a grow light
j). For more advanced systems or systems with extremes in temperature, a thermostat


Aquaponics:
a). A container for water and fish
b). A tray for plants, possibly one that can be set over the water reservoir
c). A pump and tubing that won't get clogged easily, depending on the system
d). PVC pipe and connectors or other material if stacking the plant trays
e). Electricity for plugging in equipment
f). Air pump and air stone, depending on the system
g). Plants
h). Fish
i). Fish food
j). Sun light and/or a grow light
k). For more advanced systems or systems with extremes in temperature, a thermostat
l). Thermometer for the fish's water to monitor water temperature


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





The purpose of this is to gain experience with hydro/aquaponics and get the participants used to the basic operation of a simple system. For a time crunch, growing herbs or even radishes, which take about 15 to 20 days till harvest, may be productive. Wheatgrass or alfalfa sprouts can be ready for harvest in just over a week or so. Growing other plants with a longer growth period, such as tomatoes or lettuce, would be advised if the full experience is desired.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
These can be difficult to find, but many local growers use hydroponic or aquaponic methods. If you can find an establishment that specializes in either hydroponics or aquaponics, definitely don't pass on the opportunity to check it out!
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Your best chances of finding an expert on the fish used in aquaponics would be to ask the operator of an aquaponic farm. Ask them who they consult. They themselves probably did some research and could tell you why the fish that they chose would make the best fit for an aquaponic farm.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
To do this, you need to either buy or grow produce that is hydroponically or aquaponically grown. You might consider doing this requirement while you complete Requirement 10! Once you have the produce in hand, compare it with produce that has not been grown in one of these manners. Most produce found at the supermarket will fall into this category. Can you tell a difference between the two?
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Hydroponics and aquaponics can be a huge benefit to communities all over the world. Not only can it get fresh, healthy, locally-grown food to people quickly and inexpensively, but it can also be adapted to a wide range of plants, needs, and geographic locations! Use what you've learned to show the benefits of these farming methods to the world!
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





No matter how much adaption we make in the growing of crops, we can't forget that God is the giver of it! How many parallels can you come up with between hydro- or aquaponics and our spiritual journey with Christ? Share what you've learned!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 


[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Hydroponics and Aquaponics/Answer Key

2021-10-01T18:51:07Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<u>'''[[w:Aquaponics|Aquaponics]]'''</u>: A system using fish waste to fertilize plant growth. Plants filter the water and return the cleaned water to the fish. Basically a contained ecosystem.


<u>'''[[w:Hydroponics|Hydroponics]]'''</u>: Similar to aquaponics, minus the fish. A system of growing plants without soil, but often involving gravel, sand, or other media.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





''Similarities'': Both include the growth of plants (obviously), utilize water, and are productive in growing food for human consumption. Hydroponics often involves fertilizers. Aquaponics involves an ecosystem.


''Differences'': Neither hydroponics nor aquaponics involves the use of soil. Aquaponics does not use fertilizers but does use fish and hydroponics is not a complete ecosystem. Both are often built indoors to accommodate better temperature control.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





'''[https://smartgardenguide.com/what-is-wick-system-hydroponics/ Wick System]''': Consists of a water reservoir, a container to grow the plants in (often set on top of the water reservoir), and a wick, made of anything from felt to cotton to coconut coir. Moving water from the water reservoir to the plant by means of a wick. Similar to the way oil is drawn up the wick in a lamp, the water is moved close to a plant's roots for absorption.<br /><br />


'''[[w:Deep_water_culture|Deep Water Culture]]''': Consists of a water reservoir, containers with which the plants are suspended into the water and a way to keep them on the surface, and an air pump and air stone. The plants are suspended in such a way that the roots sit directly in the water. The air stone is put in the water under the plants to aerate the water to ensure that the plants don't suffocate or drown. This is one of the most common system setups.
[[File:Deep water culture.jpg|thumb|left|Deep water culture]]<br /><br />
{{clear}}


'''[[w:Nutrient_film_technique|Nutrient Film Technique]]''': Similar to Deep Water Culture and popular commercially. Consists of a water reservoir, a pump and a separate growing tray for the plants. The water is pumped from the tank to the tray which is sloped to cause the water to flow from one end to the other to water the plants. When the water reaches the other end, it flows back into the reservoir.
[[File:2009-03-07 Rix Dobbs' NFT hydro set-up.jpg|left|thumb|A home-built NFT hydroponic system]]<br /><br />
{{clear}}


'''[https://www.trees.com/gardening-and-landscaping/ebb-and-flow-hydroponics Flood and Drain]''': Consists of a water reservoir, a tray for the plants, and sometimes a water pump. The plants are not constantly exposed to water in this system, but at certain times per day, the roots are flooded for a certain period of time, then drained. This can be done manually by filling it by hand, or by pump, or even more advanced by attaching the pump to a timer.
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2iqOqBCrL5g}}<br /><br />
{{clear}}


'''[https://www.trees.com/gardening-and-landscaping/hydroponic-drip-system Drip Systems]''': Consists of a water reservoir, a plant tray, and a pump with tubing to each plant. The pump pumps water from the reservoir through the tubing to drip into the individual plant containers. The water that seeps out of the bottom is collected in the tray and returned to the reservoir. This system is most common commercially as the set-up cost is a bit higher than many of the other models and requires a little more maintenance.
{{#widget:YouTube|id=_oYc9S73AAE}}<br /><br />
{{clear}}


'''[[w:Aeroponics|Aeroponics]]''': One of the most complex and high-tech system. Consists of a water reservoir (as always) with a watertight or near water tight lid into which the plants are attached, their roots hanging into the container below. The roots do not rest in water as with the Deep-Water Culture system, but a mister inside the system keeps the roots moist, watering them through this mist rather than from direct contact with the water.
[[File:Aeroponic-propagation-soft-tissue.jpg|thumb|left|Close-up of the first patented aeroponic plant support structure (1983). Its unrestricted support of the plant allows for normal growth in the air/moisture environment, and is still in use today.]]<br /><br />
{{clear}}


''How do aquaponics systems compare'': Aquaponics systems are very similar except for the fact that aquaponics includes fish in the cycle. This may cause problems in some of the systems such as drip systems as the system has to work around the solid fish waste. This can clog systems and disrupt the cycle, possibly causing overflow and flooding.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Hydro/aquaponics are:
# Somewhat easy to set up
# Do not take much space
# Can be easily scalable to the size of the space that they are being grown in
# Can grow plants on racks stacked above each other, which means more plants per foot of space
# Can be built nearly anywhere including in the middle of big cities
# Are more easily controlled with fewer losses
# Are relatively inexpensive and accessible to all
# Can be a good way to grow organic food
# Can be a source of income


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





''Aquaponics'': Does not require fertilizers, simple to set up, dual income from both the plant and the fish, minimized disease.


''Hydroponics'': Does not have to deal with fish health, can be stacked more easily for maximized floor space efficiency, less smell.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





A medium, in this case, is a non-soil substance in which the plants grow but receive no or minimum nutrients from. The purpose of this is to keep the plants in an upright position and to allow water and/or fish waste to become trapped around the plants roots for absorption. Examples of these are gravel, sand, coconut coir, wood chips, clay balls, or Perlite.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





Hydroponic and aquaponic systems both produce much higher yields in comparison to more common farming, such as large scale outdoor farming. These yields of hydro/aquaponics average from 10 to 12 times the yield of outdoor agriculture per acre, but have been cited to be up to 100 times per acre in some rare cases.


Hydroponics and aquaponics can be very similar as far as yields go, depending on the system, the lighting, the quality of water, the fertilizers, etc. An important note to remember is that fish waste is a highly nutritious and natural fertilizer and the size and quality of the plants grown in it are often much better than those grown in fertilized water.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





Hydroponics:
In many commercial growing settings, the plants do not have strong immune systems since they have not been exposed to the outdoor life which would harden them against diseases. This is in contrast to aquaponics which has a bit more exposure due to the fish and the bacteria associated with them. Many commercial hydroponic systems require a near sterile environment because of this. Diseases include powdery mildew, root rot, rust, botrytis, among many others.


Aquaponics: Some of the most common diseases for the plants include powdery mildew, lettuce mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, and deficiencies such as iron and magnesium.


<gallery>
Powdery mildew 9.jpg|Powdery Mildew
Root rot in cicer arietinum (hydro-grown).jpg|Root Rot
Wheat leaf rust on wheat.jpg|Rust
Aardbei Lambada vruchtrot Botrytis cinerea.jpg|Botrytis
Lettuce_mosaic_virus_.jpg|Lettuce Mosaic Virus
Tomato spotted wilt virus 5356805-PPT.png|Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Cinnamomum camphora mineral deficiency IMG 4395.JPG|Iron Deficiency
Frangula alnus with magnesium deficiency.jpg|Magnesium Deficiency
</gallery>


Powdery Mildew: Develops when standing water is allowed prolonged contact with the plant in areas other than its roots. Prevention involves avoiding allowing this water from pooling on or around the stems and leaves of the plants. Fungicides and other treatments are available that will help to curb this problem. Also, sprays that are high in potassium are highly suggested in the growing world for this.


Root Rot: Caused by bacteria around the roots that eat at them until the plant dies. If caught soon enough, remove the infected area and spray with fungicide.


Rust: Not rust as in oxidized iron. High humidity is the cause of this. Most often found under the leaves as red powdery spots. To prevent from spreading, spot treat with rust- prevention chemicals.


Botrytis: Fuzzy white areas on leaves. Caused by poor ventilation. Take off affected plant parts and create better air flow.


Lettuce Mosaic Virus: This is a genetic virus that has no cure. Although it is not a hazard to people, it can easily destroy an aquaponics system, and can be transferred between plants by insects. Prevention is the trick. Pull plants that look like they are ill and quarantine them. If they recover, great! If not, they might have had a system-hazardous illness.


Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus: It looks just like the name suggests. There is not a treatment for it, so removing a plant that looks odd is key before it can spread. The produce will ripen oddly and the skin of the plant's fruit will develop odd welts. Not a good sign.
Deficiencies: In an aquaponics system, this may be caused because the fish may compete with the plants for a certain nutrient. Also, pH can cause damages as well. Taking water tests for serious growers and keeping the water moving and clean for less experienced growers will help to solve this problem.


Fish Diseases: Then there are fish diseases. Anything that affects the fish has the possibility to affect the plants. This may or may not be a transfer of diseases, but if the water gets toxic for the fish, it is probable that it is not be good for the plants either.
Insect Infestation: These can be a major cause of concern as the plants are inside, unexposed to a number of animals that would keep the plants free of the pests. In a hydroponics system, manually removing the insects or using insecticides are recommended. Since insecticides cannot be used in aquaponics, manually removing the insects is good, but removing the plant and letting it soak completely in the fish's water for a while will cause the insects to let go. A great source of food for the fish!


Treatment: One of the best treatments is prevention. More specific prevention from spreading. If a leaf looks odd, take it off. If a plant looks sickly, replace it. There may be reasons that the plant is not doing well, especially if the other plants are thriving. If all the plants are sickly, that is a sign that either the entire system is infected, or there is a deficiency. Of course, this is assuming that water and light, humidity, and the other basic elements of plant survival are adequate.


The simple answer to why you should never use chemicals in an aquaponics system is because using chemicals will affect the fish poorly.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





This completely depends on the type of system being built, as well as how intricate you plan to make it. Refer back to question 5 for more specifics. Here's a list of components you might need to set up your system:


Hydroponics:
a). A container for water
b). A tray for plants, possibly one that can be set over the water reservoir
c). A pump and tubing, depending on the system
d). PVC pipe and connectors or other material if stacking the plant trays
e). Electricity for plugging in equipment
f). Air pump and air stone, depending on the system
g). Plants
h). A fertilizer of some sort
i). Sun light and/or a grow light
j). For more advanced systems or systems with extremes in temperature, a thermostat


Aquaponics:
a). A container for water and fish
b). A tray for plants, possibly one that can be set over the water reservoir
c). A pump and tubing that won't get clogged easily, depending on the system
d). PVC pipe and connectors or other material if stacking the plant trays
e). Electricity for plugging in equipment
f). Air pump and air stone, depending on the system
g). Plants
h). Fish
i). Fish food
j). Sun light and/or a grow light
k). For more advanced systems or systems with extremes in temperature, a thermostat
l). Thermometer for the fish's water to monitor water temperature


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





The purpose of this is to gain experience with hydro/aquaponics and get the participants used to the basic operation of a simple system. For a time crunch, growing herbs or even radishes, which take about 15 to 20 days till harvest, may be productive. Wheatgrass or alfalfa sprouts can be ready for harvest in just over a week or so. Growing other plants with a longer growth period, such as tomatoes or lettuce, would be advised if the full experience is desired.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
These can be difficult to find, but many local growers use hydroponic or aquaponic methods. If you can find an establishment that specializes in either hydroponics or aquaponics, definitely don't pass on the opportunity to check it out!
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Your best chances of finding an expert on the fish used in aquaponics would be to ask the operator of an aquaponic farm. Ask them who they consult. They themselves probably did some research and could tell you why the fish that they chose would make the best fit for an aquaponic farm.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
To do this, you need to either buy or grow produce that is hydroponically or aquaponically grown. You might consider doing this requirement while you complete Requirement 10! Once you have the produce in hand, compare it with produce that has not been grown in one of these manners. Most produce found at the supermarket will fall into this category. Can you tell a difference between the two?
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Hydroponics and aquaponics can be a huge benefit to communities all over the world. Not only can it get fresh, healthy, locally-grown food to people quickly and inexpensively, but it can also be adapted to a wide range of plants, needs, and geographic locations! Use what you've learned to show the benefits of these farming methods to the world!
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





No matter how much adaption we make in the growing of crops, we can't forget that God is the giver of it! How many parallels can you come up with between hydro- or aquaponics and our spiritual journey with Christ? Share what you've learned!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 


[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-10-01T18:22:10Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migrate is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous Hummingbird, male 01.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadagoose.jpg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =Looking for Worms (50169959567).jpg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =Pacific lamprey facing right.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great White Shark (14730762278).jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American eel (Anguilla rostrata) (4015394951).jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =SK WhiteTailed Deer.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American bison k5680-1.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name=Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus (cropped).jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =3 Migratory locust Locusta migratoria.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly Common Green Darner Female Anax junius 2010-04-18.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Australian painted lady feeding.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European Common Frog Rana temporaria.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common toad Bufo bufo in Sweden.png
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Wood Frog.jpg
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern american toad.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Total internal reflection of Chelonia mydas.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida Water Moccasin 056.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead turtle.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas Red Crab.JPG
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Alaskan red king crab.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Krill666.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Sterna paradisaea
| common_name=Arctic Tern
| image =Arctic tern (14829590672).jpg
| range =The Arctic tern is famous for its migration; it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year, the shortest distance between these areas being 19,000 km (12,000 mi). The long journey ensures that this bird sees two summers per year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Rangifer tarandus
| common_name=Caribou
| image =Caribou dans la taiga.jpg
| range =The caribou, also known as the reindeer in Europe and Asia, is a species of deer with circumpolar (around the pole, in this case, the North pole) distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Some populations of North American caribou migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, traveling up to 5,000 km (3,000 mi) a year, and covering 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi). The European populations are known to have shorter migrations.

Normally travelling about 19–55 km (12–34 mi) a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph). During the spring migration smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50,000 to 500,000 animals, but during autumn migrations the groups become smaller and the reindeer begin to mate. During winter, reindeer travel to forested areas to forage under the snow. By spring, groups leave their winter grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about 6.5 km/h (4 mph) but, if necessary, at 10 km/h (6 mph) and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye salmon facing left.jpg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Danaus plexippus
| common_name=Monarch Butterfly
| image =Monarch Butterfly Pink Zinnia 1800px.jpg
| range =In the Americas, the monarch ranges from southern Canada through northern South America. It has also been found in Bermuda, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, continental Portugal, Gibraltar, the Philippines, and Morocco. It appears in the UK in some years as an accidental migrant. In North America, monarchs migrate both north and south on an annual basis, in a long-distance journey that is fraught with risks. The population east of the Rocky Mountains attempts to migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Michoacán and parts of Florida. The western population tries to reach overwintering destinations in various coastal sites in central and southern California. The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring. Monarchs from the eastern US generally migrate longer distances than monarchs from the western US.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name=Great Wildebeest Migration
| image =Wildebeest-during-Great-Migration.JPG
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year around the same time, the circular great wildebeest migration begins in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of the southern Serengeti in Tanzania and loops clockwise through the Serengeti National Park and north towards the Masai Mara reserve in Kenya. This migration is naturally caused by the availability of grazing. The initial phase lasts from about January to March, when the calving season begins – a time when there is plenty of rain-ripened grass available for the 260,000 zebras that precede 1.7 million wildebeest and the following hundreds of thousands of other plains game, including around 470,000 gazelles.

During February, the wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks. As the rains end in May, the animals start moving northwest into the areas around the Grumeti River, where they typically remain until late June. The crossings of the Grumeti and Mara rivers beginning in July are a popular safari attraction because crocodiles are lying in wait. The herds arrive in Kenya in late July / August, where they stay for the rest of the dry season. In early November, with the start of the short rains, the migration starts moving south again, to the short grass plains of the southeast, usually arriving in December in plenty of time for calving in February.

About 250,000 wildebeest die during the journey from Tanzania to the Maasai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya, a total of 800 kilometres (500 mi). Death is usually from thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation including by big cats.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in a Biblical migration!

Here are some discussion points to get you started:
*What was the purpose of the migration?
*How many people took part in the migration? Were any people mentioned by name? Why?
*What caused the migration? Were there things that were pushing them to find a new land (push factors) or drawing them to find a new land (pull factors)?
*How long did the migration take? What ways did they travel?
*How did they know where to go?
*How did the migration affect later Bible stories?
*What did the migrators learn from their journey? What can we learn?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


You can find the story of Noah in Genesis 5-7. There's a special migration mentioned in Genesis 7:8-9.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The story of the Exodus spans from the beginning of the Book of Exodus through Moses' death in Deuteronomy 34, and on following the children of Israel's conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua and the judges. The actual Exodus of Egypt takes place in Exodus 13.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Abraham's whole life involved migrating from place to place following God's direction. His story can be found from Genesis 12-25, but specific portions of his nomadic journey can be found in Genesis 12 and 20.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Joseph's story begins in Genesis 37 and 39 and continues until the end of Genesis (Genesis 50), but the migration that was caused by his betrayal and sale as a slave into Egypt occurs in Genesis 46.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The Babylonian capture was a major event in Israelite history, and it's mentioned dozens of times throughout the Bible. Records of the capture and the following captivity can be found in Daniel 1, 2 Chronicles 36:15-21, and throughout Jeremiah.

The return from Babylonian captivity can be found in Ezra 1-2 and 2 Chronicles 36:22-23.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This was a different type of migration, since it didn't involve very many people. You can find the story in Matthew 2:13-15.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This is another special migration in that the migrators didn't take the same routes or end up in the same destinations!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Contact your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to look for opportunities to help make a positive impact for migratory animals. Make sure that any project you work on does not damage the environment and follows any local laws. Here are a few ideas that might help you get started:

*Help create safe and protected resting sites.
*Set out food and provide water for migrating animals along common migration routes.
*Participate in a trash removal effort around migration routes and resting sites to prevent animals from ingesting garbage.
*Get involved in a migration effort such as the Amphibian Crossing Project (video about this project later in the answer key).
*Raise awareness through a creative means and encourage others to get involved in conservation of migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


If you have completed Part a. of this requirement, why not complete this one as well? It's a great opportunity to debrief about your experience about the impact you had on the migrating animal populations. Don't forget to discuss how you might be able to involve more people in your conservation project in the future!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}

Here's another one on the fruit bat migration of Zambia’s Kasanka National Park.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=TIr0xKk2YJ0}}

This one is about the Amphibian Crossing Project, an initiative by the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey to help amphibians cross roads safely to their breeding grounds.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=WqJ6IiTJCzQ}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This one could be easily completed while you are visiting a zoo or nature park if you choose to complete Part d. of this requirement, and might also be completed if you choose to visit a common resting spot for migrating animals for Part f.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Do you know of a migration route or destination near you? Even if you do have one close by, there are probably migration routes or destinations nearby that you don't even know about yet! Check with your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to find places you can observe migrating animals. Make sure that you are following all rules and laws during your visit, and avoid disturbing the animals!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-10-01T18:21:00Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migrate is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous Hummingbird, male 01.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadagoose.jpg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =Looking for Worms (50169959567).jpg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =Pacific lamprey facing right.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great White Shark (14730762278).jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American eel (Anguilla rostrata) (4015394951).jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =SK WhiteTailed Deer.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American bison k5680-1.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name=Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus (cropped).jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =3 Migratory locust Locusta migratoria.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly Common Green Darner Female Anax junius 2010-04-18.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Australian painted lady feeding.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European Common Frog Rana temporaria.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common toad Bufo bufo in Sweden.png
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Wood Frog.jpg
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern american toad.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Total internal reflection of Chelonia mydas.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida Water Moccasin 056.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead turtle.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas Red Crab.JPG
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Alaskan red king crab.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Krill666.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Sterna paradisaea
| common_name=Arctic Tern
| image =Arctic tern in flight.jpg
| range =The Arctic tern is famous for its migration; it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year, the shortest distance between these areas being 19,000 km (12,000 mi). The long journey ensures that this bird sees two summers per year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Rangifer tarandus
| common_name=Caribou
| image =Caribou dans la taiga.jpg
| range =The caribou, also known as the reindeer in Europe and Asia, is a species of deer with circumpolar (around the pole, in this case, the North pole) distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Some populations of North American caribou migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, traveling up to 5,000 km (3,000 mi) a year, and covering 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi). The European populations are known to have shorter migrations.

Normally travelling about 19–55 km (12–34 mi) a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph). During the spring migration smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50,000 to 500,000 animals, but during autumn migrations the groups become smaller and the reindeer begin to mate. During winter, reindeer travel to forested areas to forage under the snow. By spring, groups leave their winter grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about 6.5 km/h (4 mph) but, if necessary, at 10 km/h (6 mph) and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye salmon facing left.jpg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Danaus plexippus
| common_name=Monarch Butterfly
| image =Monarch Butterfly Pink Zinnia 1800px.jpg
| range =In the Americas, the monarch ranges from southern Canada through northern South America. It has also been found in Bermuda, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, continental Portugal, Gibraltar, the Philippines, and Morocco. It appears in the UK in some years as an accidental migrant. In North America, monarchs migrate both north and south on an annual basis, in a long-distance journey that is fraught with risks. The population east of the Rocky Mountains attempts to migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Michoacán and parts of Florida. The western population tries to reach overwintering destinations in various coastal sites in central and southern California. The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring. Monarchs from the eastern US generally migrate longer distances than monarchs from the western US.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name=Great Wildebeest Migration
| image =Wildebeest-during-Great-Migration.JPG
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year around the same time, the circular great wildebeest migration begins in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of the southern Serengeti in Tanzania and loops clockwise through the Serengeti National Park and north towards the Masai Mara reserve in Kenya. This migration is naturally caused by the availability of grazing. The initial phase lasts from about January to March, when the calving season begins – a time when there is plenty of rain-ripened grass available for the 260,000 zebras that precede 1.7 million wildebeest and the following hundreds of thousands of other plains game, including around 470,000 gazelles.

During February, the wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks. As the rains end in May, the animals start moving northwest into the areas around the Grumeti River, where they typically remain until late June. The crossings of the Grumeti and Mara rivers beginning in July are a popular safari attraction because crocodiles are lying in wait. The herds arrive in Kenya in late July / August, where they stay for the rest of the dry season. In early November, with the start of the short rains, the migration starts moving south again, to the short grass plains of the southeast, usually arriving in December in plenty of time for calving in February.

About 250,000 wildebeest die during the journey from Tanzania to the Maasai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya, a total of 800 kilometres (500 mi). Death is usually from thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation including by big cats.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in a Biblical migration!

Here are some discussion points to get you started:
*What was the purpose of the migration?
*How many people took part in the migration? Were any people mentioned by name? Why?
*What caused the migration? Were there things that were pushing them to find a new land (push factors) or drawing them to find a new land (pull factors)?
*How long did the migration take? What ways did they travel?
*How did they know where to go?
*How did the migration affect later Bible stories?
*What did the migrators learn from their journey? What can we learn?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


You can find the story of Noah in Genesis 5-7. There's a special migration mentioned in Genesis 7:8-9.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The story of the Exodus spans from the beginning of the Book of Exodus through Moses' death in Deuteronomy 34, and on following the children of Israel's conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua and the judges. The actual Exodus of Egypt takes place in Exodus 13.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Abraham's whole life involved migrating from place to place following God's direction. His story can be found from Genesis 12-25, but specific portions of his nomadic journey can be found in Genesis 12 and 20.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Joseph's story begins in Genesis 37 and 39 and continues until the end of Genesis (Genesis 50), but the migration that was caused by his betrayal and sale as a slave into Egypt occurs in Genesis 46.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The Babylonian capture was a major event in Israelite history, and it's mentioned dozens of times throughout the Bible. Records of the capture and the following captivity can be found in Daniel 1, 2 Chronicles 36:15-21, and throughout Jeremiah.

The return from Babylonian captivity can be found in Ezra 1-2 and 2 Chronicles 36:22-23.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This was a different type of migration, since it didn't involve very many people. You can find the story in Matthew 2:13-15.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This is another special migration in that the migrators didn't take the same routes or end up in the same destinations!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Contact your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to look for opportunities to help make a positive impact for migratory animals. Make sure that any project you work on does not damage the environment and follows any local laws. Here are a few ideas that might help you get started:

*Help create safe and protected resting sites.
*Set out food and provide water for migrating animals along common migration routes.
*Participate in a trash removal effort around migration routes and resting sites to prevent animals from ingesting garbage.
*Get involved in a migration effort such as the Amphibian Crossing Project (video about this project later in the answer key).
*Raise awareness through a creative means and encourage others to get involved in conservation of migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


If you have completed Part a. of this requirement, why not complete this one as well? It's a great opportunity to debrief about your experience about the impact you had on the migrating animal populations. Don't forget to discuss how you might be able to involve more people in your conservation project in the future!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}

Here's another one on the fruit bat migration of Zambia’s Kasanka National Park.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=TIr0xKk2YJ0}}

This one is about the Amphibian Crossing Project, an initiative by the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey to help amphibians cross roads safely to their breeding grounds.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=WqJ6IiTJCzQ}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This one could be easily completed while you are visiting a zoo or nature park if you choose to complete Part d. of this requirement, and might also be completed if you choose to visit a common resting spot for migrating animals for Part f.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Do you know of a migration route or destination near you? Even if you do have one close by, there are probably migration routes or destinations nearby that you don't even know about yet! Check with your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to find places you can observe migrating animals. Make sure that you are following all rules and laws during your visit, and avoid disturbing the animals!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-10-01T18:10:50Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migrate is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous Hummingbird, male 01.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadagoose.jpg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =Looking for Worms (50169959567).jpg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =Pacific lamprey facing right.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great White Shark (14730762278).jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American eel (Anguilla rostrata) (4015394951).jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =SK WhiteTailed Deer.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American bison k5680-1.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name=Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus (cropped).jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =3 Migratory locust Locusta migratoria.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly Common Green Darner Female Anax junius 2010-04-18.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Australian painted lady feeding.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European Common Frog Rana temporaria.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common toad Bufo bufo in Sweden.png
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Wood Frog.jpg
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern american toad.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Total internal reflection of Chelonia mydas.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida Water Moccasin 056.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead turtle.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas Red Crab.JPG
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Alaskan red king crab.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Krill666.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Sterna paradisaea
| common_name=Arctic Tern
| image =Arctic tern.jpg
| range =The Arctic tern is famous for its migration; it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year, the shortest distance between these areas being 19,000 km (12,000 mi). The long journey ensures that this bird sees two summers per year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Rangifer tarandus
| common_name=Caribou
| image =Caribou dans la taiga.jpg
| range =The caribou, also known as the reindeer in Europe and Asia, is a species of deer with circumpolar (around the pole, in this case, the North pole) distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Some populations of North American caribou migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, traveling up to 5,000 km (3,000 mi) a year, and covering 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi). The European populations are known to have shorter migrations.

Normally travelling about 19–55 km (12–34 mi) a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph). During the spring migration smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50,000 to 500,000 animals, but during autumn migrations the groups become smaller and the reindeer begin to mate. During winter, reindeer travel to forested areas to forage under the snow. By spring, groups leave their winter grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about 6.5 km/h (4 mph) but, if necessary, at 10 km/h (6 mph) and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye salmon facing left.jpg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Danaus plexippus
| common_name=Monarch Butterfly
| image =Monarch Butterfly Pink Zinnia 1800px.jpg
| range =In the Americas, the monarch ranges from southern Canada through northern South America. It has also been found in Bermuda, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, continental Portugal, Gibraltar, the Philippines, and Morocco. It appears in the UK in some years as an accidental migrant. In North America, monarchs migrate both north and south on an annual basis, in a long-distance journey that is fraught with risks. The population east of the Rocky Mountains attempts to migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Michoacán and parts of Florida. The western population tries to reach overwintering destinations in various coastal sites in central and southern California. The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring. Monarchs from the eastern US generally migrate longer distances than monarchs from the western US.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name=Great Wildebeest Migration
| image =Wildebeest-during-Great-Migration.JPG
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year around the same time, the circular great wildebeest migration begins in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of the southern Serengeti in Tanzania and loops clockwise through the Serengeti National Park and north towards the Masai Mara reserve in Kenya. This migration is naturally caused by the availability of grazing. The initial phase lasts from about January to March, when the calving season begins – a time when there is plenty of rain-ripened grass available for the 260,000 zebras that precede 1.7 million wildebeest and the following hundreds of thousands of other plains game, including around 470,000 gazelles.

During February, the wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks. As the rains end in May, the animals start moving northwest into the areas around the Grumeti River, where they typically remain until late June. The crossings of the Grumeti and Mara rivers beginning in July are a popular safari attraction because crocodiles are lying in wait. The herds arrive in Kenya in late July / August, where they stay for the rest of the dry season. In early November, with the start of the short rains, the migration starts moving south again, to the short grass plains of the southeast, usually arriving in December in plenty of time for calving in February.

About 250,000 wildebeest die during the journey from Tanzania to the Maasai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya, a total of 800 kilometres (500 mi). Death is usually from thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation including by big cats.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in a Biblical migration!

Here are some discussion points to get you started:
*What was the purpose of the migration?
*How many people took part in the migration? Were any people mentioned by name? Why?
*What caused the migration? Were there things that were pushing them to find a new land (push factors) or drawing them to find a new land (pull factors)?
*How long did the migration take? What ways did they travel?
*How did they know where to go?
*How did the migration affect later Bible stories?
*What did the migrators learn from their journey? What can we learn?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


You can find the story of Noah in Genesis 5-7. There's a special migration mentioned in Genesis 7:8-9.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The story of the Exodus spans from the beginning of the Book of Exodus through Moses' death in Deuteronomy 34, and on following the children of Israel's conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua and the judges. The actual Exodus of Egypt takes place in Exodus 13.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Abraham's whole life involved migrating from place to place following God's direction. His story can be found from Genesis 12-25, but specific portions of his nomadic journey can be found in Genesis 12 and 20.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Joseph's story begins in Genesis 37 and 39 and continues until the end of Genesis (Genesis 50), but the migration that was caused by his betrayal and sale as a slave into Egypt occurs in Genesis 46.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The Babylonian capture was a major event in Israelite history, and it's mentioned dozens of times throughout the Bible. Records of the capture and the following captivity can be found in Daniel 1, 2 Chronicles 36:15-21, and throughout Jeremiah.

The return from Babylonian captivity can be found in Ezra 1-2 and 2 Chronicles 36:22-23.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This was a different type of migration, since it didn't involve very many people. You can find the story in Matthew 2:13-15.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This is another special migration in that the migrators didn't take the same routes or end up in the same destinations!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Contact your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to look for opportunities to help make a positive impact for migratory animals. Make sure that any project you work on does not damage the environment and follows any local laws. Here are a few ideas that might help you get started:

*Help create safe and protected resting sites.
*Set out food and provide water for migrating animals along common migration routes.
*Participate in a trash removal effort around migration routes and resting sites to prevent animals from ingesting garbage.
*Get involved in a migration effort such as the Amphibian Crossing Project (video about this project later in the answer key).
*Raise awareness through a creative means and encourage others to get involved in conservation of migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


If you have completed Part a. of this requirement, why not complete this one as well? It's a great opportunity to debrief about your experience about the impact you had on the migrating animal populations. Don't forget to discuss how you might be able to involve more people in your conservation project in the future!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}

Here's another one on the fruit bat migration of Zambia’s Kasanka National Park.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=TIr0xKk2YJ0}}

This one is about the Amphibian Crossing Project, an initiative by the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey to help amphibians cross roads safely to their breeding grounds.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=WqJ6IiTJCzQ}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This one could be easily completed while you are visiting a zoo or nature park if you choose to complete Part d. of this requirement, and might also be completed if you choose to visit a common resting spot for migrating animals for Part f.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Do you know of a migration route or destination near you? Even if you do have one close by, there are probably migration routes or destinations nearby that you don't even know about yet! Check with your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to find places you can observe migrating animals. Make sure that you are following all rules and laws during your visit, and avoid disturbing the animals!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-10-01T18:03:55Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migrate is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous Hummingbird, male 01.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadagoose.jpg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =Looking for Worms (50169959567).jpg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =Pacific lamprey facing right.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great White Shark (14730762278).jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American eel (Anguilla rostrata) (4015394951).jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =SK WhiteTailed Deer.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American bison k5680-1.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name=Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus (cropped).jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =3 Migratory locust Locusta migratoria.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly Common Green Darner Female Anax junius 2010-04-18.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Australian painted lady feeding.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European Common Frog Rana temporaria.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common toad Bufo bufo in Sweden.png
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Wood Frog.jpg
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern american toad.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Total internal reflection of Chelonia mydas.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida Water Moccasin 056.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead turtle.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas Red Crab.JPG
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Alaskan red king crab.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Krill666.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Sterna paradisaea
| common_name=Arctic Tern
| image =Arctic_tern_in_flight.jpg
| range =The Arctic tern is famous for its migration; it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year, the shortest distance between these areas being 19,000 km (12,000 mi). The long journey ensures that this bird sees two summers per year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Rangifer tarandus
| common_name=Caribou
| image =Reindeer_caribou_.jpg
| range =The caribou, also known as the reindeer in Europe and Asia, is a species of deer with circumpolar (around the pole, in this case, the North pole) distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Some populations of North American caribou migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, traveling up to 5,000 km (3,000 mi) a year, and covering 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi). The European populations are known to have shorter migrations.

Normally travelling about 19–55 km (12–34 mi) a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph). During the spring migration smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50,000 to 500,000 animals, but during autumn migrations the groups become smaller and the reindeer begin to mate. During winter, reindeer travel to forested areas to forage under the snow. By spring, groups leave their winter grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about 6.5 km/h (4 mph) but, if necessary, at 10 km/h (6 mph) and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye_salmon_.jpeg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Danaus plexippus
| common_name=Monarch Butterfly
| image =Monarch_butterfly_.jpg
| range =In the Americas, the monarch ranges from southern Canada through northern South America. It has also been found in Bermuda, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, continental Portugal, Gibraltar, the Philippines, and Morocco. It appears in the UK in some years as an accidental migrant. In North America, monarchs migrate both north and south on an annual basis, in a long-distance journey that is fraught with risks. The population east of the Rocky Mountains attempts to migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Michoacán and parts of Florida. The western population tries to reach overwintering destinations in various coastal sites in central and southern California. The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring. Monarchs from the eastern US generally migrate longer distances than monarchs from the western US.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name= Great Wildebeest Migration
| image =Blue_wildebeest_.jpg
| image =Great_Migration_.jpg
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year around the same time, the circular great wildebeest migration begins in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of the southern Serengeti in Tanzania and loops clockwise through the Serengeti National Park and north towards the Masai Mara reserve in Kenya. This migration is naturally caused by the availability of grazing. The initial phase lasts from about January to March, when the calving season begins – a time when there is plenty of rain-ripened grass available for the 260,000 zebras that precede 1.7 million wildebeest and the following hundreds of thousands of other plains game, including around 470,000 gazelles.

During February, the wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks. As the rains end in May, the animals start moving northwest into the areas around the Grumeti River, where they typically remain until late June. The crossings of the Grumeti and Mara rivers beginning in July are a popular safari attraction because crocodiles are lying in wait. The herds arrive in Kenya in late July / August, where they stay for the rest of the dry season. In early November, with the start of the short rains, the migration starts moving south again, to the short grass plains of the southeast, usually arriving in December in plenty of time for calving in February.

About 250,000 wildebeest die during the journey from Tanzania to the Maasai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya, a total of 800 kilometres (500 mi). Death is usually from thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation including by big cats.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in a Biblical migration!

Here are some discussion points to get you started:
*What was the purpose of the migration?
*How many people took part in the migration? Were any people mentioned by name? Why?
*What caused the migration? Were there things that were pushing them to find a new land (push factors) or drawing them to find a new land (pull factors)?
*How long did the migration take? What ways did they travel?
*How did they know where to go?
*How did the migration affect later Bible stories?
*What did the migrators learn from their journey? What can we learn?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


You can find the story of Noah in Genesis 5-7. There's a special migration mentioned in Genesis 7:8-9.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The story of the Exodus spans from the beginning of the Book of Exodus through Moses' death in Deuteronomy 34, and on following the children of Israel's conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua and the judges. The actual Exodus of Egypt takes place in Exodus 13.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Abraham's whole life involved migrating from place to place following God's direction. His story can be found from Genesis 12-25, but specific portions of his nomadic journey can be found in Genesis 12 and 20.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Joseph's story begins in Genesis 37 and 39 and continues until the end of Genesis (Genesis 50), but the migration that was caused by his betrayal and sale as a slave into Egypt occurs in Genesis 46.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The Babylonian capture was a major event in Israelite history, and it's mentioned dozens of times throughout the Bible. Records of the capture and the following captivity can be found in Daniel 1, 2 Chronicles 36:15-21, and throughout Jeremiah.

The return from Babylonian captivity can be found in Ezra 1-2 and 2 Chronicles 36:22-23.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This was a different type of migration, since it didn't involve very many people. You can find the story in Matthew 2:13-15.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This is another special migration in that the migrators didn't take the same routes or end up in the same destinations!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Contact your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to look for opportunities to help make a positive impact for migratory animals. Make sure that any project you work on does not damage the environment and follows any local laws. Here are a few ideas that might help you get started:

*Help create safe and protected resting sites.
*Set out food and provide water for migrating animals along common migration routes.
*Participate in a trash removal effort around migration routes and resting sites to prevent animals from ingesting garbage.
*Get involved in a migration effort such as the Amphibian Crossing Project (video about this project later in the answer key).
*Raise awareness through a creative means and encourage others to get involved in conservation of migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


If you have completed Part a. of this requirement, why not complete this one as well? It's a great opportunity to debrief about your experience about the impact you had on the migrating animal populations. Don't forget to discuss how you might be able to involve more people in your conservation project in the future!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}

Here's another one on the fruit bat migration of Zambia’s Kasanka National Park.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=TIr0xKk2YJ0}}

This one is about the Amphibian Crossing Project, an initiative by the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey to help amphibians cross roads safely to their breeding grounds.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=WqJ6IiTJCzQ}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This one could be easily completed while you are visiting a zoo or nature park if you choose to complete Part d. of this requirement, and might also be completed if you choose to visit a common resting spot for migrating animals for Part f.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Do you know of a migration route or destination near you? Even if you do have one close by, there are probably migration routes or destinations nearby that you don't even know about yet! Check with your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to find places you can observe migrating animals. Make sure that you are following all rules and laws during your visit, and avoid disturbing the animals!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-10-01T16:58:39Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migrate is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous Hummingbird, male 01.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadagoose.jpg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =Looking for Worms (50169959567).jpg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =Pacific lamprey facing right.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great_white_shark_.jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American_eel_.jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =White_tailed_deer_.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American_bison_.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name= Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary_Bat_.jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =Migratory_locust_.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly_Common_Green_Darner_.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Vanessa_cardui_.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European_Common_Frog_.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common_toad_.jpg
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Woodfrog_.jpg ‎
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern_american_toad_.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Green_turtle_.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida_Water_Moccasin_.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead_turtle_.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas_Island_Red_Crab_.jpg
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =Red_king_crab_.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Antarctic_krill_.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Sterna paradisaea
| common_name=Arctic Tern
| image =Arctic_tern_in_flight.jpg
| range =The Arctic tern is famous for its migration; it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year, the shortest distance between these areas being 19,000 km (12,000 mi). The long journey ensures that this bird sees two summers per year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Rangifer tarandus
| common_name=Caribou
| image =Reindeer_caribou_.jpg
| range =The caribou, also known as the reindeer in Europe and Asia, is a species of deer with circumpolar (around the pole, in this case, the North pole) distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Some populations of North American caribou migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, traveling up to 5,000 km (3,000 mi) a year, and covering 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi). The European populations are known to have shorter migrations.

Normally travelling about 19–55 km (12–34 mi) a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph). During the spring migration smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50,000 to 500,000 animals, but during autumn migrations the groups become smaller and the reindeer begin to mate. During winter, reindeer travel to forested areas to forage under the snow. By spring, groups leave their winter grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about 6.5 km/h (4 mph) but, if necessary, at 10 km/h (6 mph) and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye_salmon_.jpeg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Danaus plexippus
| common_name=Monarch Butterfly
| image =Monarch_butterfly_.jpg
| range =In the Americas, the monarch ranges from southern Canada through northern South America. It has also been found in Bermuda, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, continental Portugal, Gibraltar, the Philippines, and Morocco. It appears in the UK in some years as an accidental migrant. In North America, monarchs migrate both north and south on an annual basis, in a long-distance journey that is fraught with risks. The population east of the Rocky Mountains attempts to migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Michoacán and parts of Florida. The western population tries to reach overwintering destinations in various coastal sites in central and southern California. The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring. Monarchs from the eastern US generally migrate longer distances than monarchs from the western US.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name= Great Wildebeest Migration
| image =Blue_wildebeest_.jpg
| image =Great_Migration_.jpg
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year around the same time, the circular great wildebeest migration begins in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of the southern Serengeti in Tanzania and loops clockwise through the Serengeti National Park and north towards the Masai Mara reserve in Kenya. This migration is naturally caused by the availability of grazing. The initial phase lasts from about January to March, when the calving season begins – a time when there is plenty of rain-ripened grass available for the 260,000 zebras that precede 1.7 million wildebeest and the following hundreds of thousands of other plains game, including around 470,000 gazelles.

During February, the wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks. As the rains end in May, the animals start moving northwest into the areas around the Grumeti River, where they typically remain until late June. The crossings of the Grumeti and Mara rivers beginning in July are a popular safari attraction because crocodiles are lying in wait. The herds arrive in Kenya in late July / August, where they stay for the rest of the dry season. In early November, with the start of the short rains, the migration starts moving south again, to the short grass plains of the southeast, usually arriving in December in plenty of time for calving in February.

About 250,000 wildebeest die during the journey from Tanzania to the Maasai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya, a total of 800 kilometres (500 mi). Death is usually from thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation including by big cats.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in a Biblical migration!

Here are some discussion points to get you started:
*What was the purpose of the migration?
*How many people took part in the migration? Were any people mentioned by name? Why?
*What caused the migration? Were there things that were pushing them to find a new land (push factors) or drawing them to find a new land (pull factors)?
*How long did the migration take? What ways did they travel?
*How did they know where to go?
*How did the migration affect later Bible stories?
*What did the migrators learn from their journey? What can we learn?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


You can find the story of Noah in Genesis 5-7. There's a special migration mentioned in Genesis 7:8-9.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The story of the Exodus spans from the beginning of the Book of Exodus through Moses' death in Deuteronomy 34, and on following the children of Israel's conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua and the judges. The actual Exodus of Egypt takes place in Exodus 13.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Abraham's whole life involved migrating from place to place following God's direction. His story can be found from Genesis 12-25, but specific portions of his nomadic journey can be found in Genesis 12 and 20.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Joseph's story begins in Genesis 37 and 39 and continues until the end of Genesis (Genesis 50), but the migration that was caused by his betrayal and sale as a slave into Egypt occurs in Genesis 46.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The Babylonian capture was a major event in Israelite history, and it's mentioned dozens of times throughout the Bible. Records of the capture and the following captivity can be found in Daniel 1, 2 Chronicles 36:15-21, and throughout Jeremiah.

The return from Babylonian captivity can be found in Ezra 1-2 and 2 Chronicles 36:22-23.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This was a different type of migration, since it didn't involve very many people. You can find the story in Matthew 2:13-15.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This is another special migration in that the migrators didn't take the same routes or end up in the same destinations!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Contact your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to look for opportunities to help make a positive impact for migratory animals. Make sure that any project you work on does not damage the environment and follows any local laws. Here are a few ideas that might help you get started:

*Help create safe and protected resting sites.
*Set out food and provide water for migrating animals along common migration routes.
*Participate in a trash removal effort around migration routes and resting sites to prevent animals from ingesting garbage.
*Get involved in a migration effort such as the Amphibian Crossing Project (video about this project later in the answer key).
*Raise awareness through a creative means and encourage others to get involved in conservation of migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


If you have completed Part a. of this requirement, why not complete this one as well? It's a great opportunity to debrief about your experience about the impact you had on the migrating animal populations. Don't forget to discuss how you might be able to involve more people in your conservation project in the future!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}

Here's another one on the fruit bat migration of Zambia’s Kasanka National Park.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=TIr0xKk2YJ0}}

This one is about the Amphibian Crossing Project, an initiative by the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey to help amphibians cross roads safely to their breeding grounds.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=WqJ6IiTJCzQ}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This one could be easily completed while you are visiting a zoo or nature park if you choose to complete Part d. of this requirement, and might also be completed if you choose to visit a common resting spot for migrating animals for Part f.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Do you know of a migration route or destination near you? Even if you do have one close by, there are probably migration routes or destinations nearby that you don't even know about yet! Check with your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to find places you can observe migrating animals. Make sure that you are following all rules and laws during your visit, and avoid disturbing the animals!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-10-01T16:56:52Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migrate is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous Hummingbird, male 01.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadagoose.jpg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =Looking for Worms (50169959567).jpg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =7129322663_7861d71fca.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great_white_shark_.jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American_eel_.jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =White_tailed_deer_.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American_bison_.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name= Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary_Bat_.jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =Migratory_locust_.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly_Common_Green_Darner_.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Vanessa_cardui_.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European_Common_Frog_.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common_toad_.jpg
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Woodfrog_.jpg ‎
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern_american_toad_.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Green_turtle_.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida_Water_Moccasin_.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead_turtle_.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas_Island_Red_Crab_.jpg
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =Red_king_crab_.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Antarctic_krill_.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Sterna paradisaea
| common_name=Arctic Tern
| image =Arctic_tern_in_flight.jpg
| range =The Arctic tern is famous for its migration; it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year, the shortest distance between these areas being 19,000 km (12,000 mi). The long journey ensures that this bird sees two summers per year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Rangifer tarandus
| common_name=Caribou
| image =Reindeer_caribou_.jpg
| range =The caribou, also known as the reindeer in Europe and Asia, is a species of deer with circumpolar (around the pole, in this case, the North pole) distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Some populations of North American caribou migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, traveling up to 5,000 km (3,000 mi) a year, and covering 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi). The European populations are known to have shorter migrations.

Normally travelling about 19–55 km (12–34 mi) a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph). During the spring migration smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50,000 to 500,000 animals, but during autumn migrations the groups become smaller and the reindeer begin to mate. During winter, reindeer travel to forested areas to forage under the snow. By spring, groups leave their winter grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about 6.5 km/h (4 mph) but, if necessary, at 10 km/h (6 mph) and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye_salmon_.jpeg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Danaus plexippus
| common_name=Monarch Butterfly
| image =Monarch_butterfly_.jpg
| range =In the Americas, the monarch ranges from southern Canada through northern South America. It has also been found in Bermuda, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, continental Portugal, Gibraltar, the Philippines, and Morocco. It appears in the UK in some years as an accidental migrant. In North America, monarchs migrate both north and south on an annual basis, in a long-distance journey that is fraught with risks. The population east of the Rocky Mountains attempts to migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Michoacán and parts of Florida. The western population tries to reach overwintering destinations in various coastal sites in central and southern California. The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring. Monarchs from the eastern US generally migrate longer distances than monarchs from the western US.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name= Great Wildebeest Migration
| image =Blue_wildebeest_.jpg
| image =Great_Migration_.jpg
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year around the same time, the circular great wildebeest migration begins in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of the southern Serengeti in Tanzania and loops clockwise through the Serengeti National Park and north towards the Masai Mara reserve in Kenya. This migration is naturally caused by the availability of grazing. The initial phase lasts from about January to March, when the calving season begins – a time when there is plenty of rain-ripened grass available for the 260,000 zebras that precede 1.7 million wildebeest and the following hundreds of thousands of other plains game, including around 470,000 gazelles.

During February, the wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks. As the rains end in May, the animals start moving northwest into the areas around the Grumeti River, where they typically remain until late June. The crossings of the Grumeti and Mara rivers beginning in July are a popular safari attraction because crocodiles are lying in wait. The herds arrive in Kenya in late July / August, where they stay for the rest of the dry season. In early November, with the start of the short rains, the migration starts moving south again, to the short grass plains of the southeast, usually arriving in December in plenty of time for calving in February.

About 250,000 wildebeest die during the journey from Tanzania to the Maasai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya, a total of 800 kilometres (500 mi). Death is usually from thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation including by big cats.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in a Biblical migration!

Here are some discussion points to get you started:
*What was the purpose of the migration?
*How many people took part in the migration? Were any people mentioned by name? Why?
*What caused the migration? Were there things that were pushing them to find a new land (push factors) or drawing them to find a new land (pull factors)?
*How long did the migration take? What ways did they travel?
*How did they know where to go?
*How did the migration affect later Bible stories?
*What did the migrators learn from their journey? What can we learn?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


You can find the story of Noah in Genesis 5-7. There's a special migration mentioned in Genesis 7:8-9.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The story of the Exodus spans from the beginning of the Book of Exodus through Moses' death in Deuteronomy 34, and on following the children of Israel's conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua and the judges. The actual Exodus of Egypt takes place in Exodus 13.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Abraham's whole life involved migrating from place to place following God's direction. His story can be found from Genesis 12-25, but specific portions of his nomadic journey can be found in Genesis 12 and 20.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Joseph's story begins in Genesis 37 and 39 and continues until the end of Genesis (Genesis 50), but the migration that was caused by his betrayal and sale as a slave into Egypt occurs in Genesis 46.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The Babylonian capture was a major event in Israelite history, and it's mentioned dozens of times throughout the Bible. Records of the capture and the following captivity can be found in Daniel 1, 2 Chronicles 36:15-21, and throughout Jeremiah.

The return from Babylonian captivity can be found in Ezra 1-2 and 2 Chronicles 36:22-23.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This was a different type of migration, since it didn't involve very many people. You can find the story in Matthew 2:13-15.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This is another special migration in that the migrators didn't take the same routes or end up in the same destinations!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Contact your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to look for opportunities to help make a positive impact for migratory animals. Make sure that any project you work on does not damage the environment and follows any local laws. Here are a few ideas that might help you get started:

*Help create safe and protected resting sites.
*Set out food and provide water for migrating animals along common migration routes.
*Participate in a trash removal effort around migration routes and resting sites to prevent animals from ingesting garbage.
*Get involved in a migration effort such as the Amphibian Crossing Project (video about this project later in the answer key).
*Raise awareness through a creative means and encourage others to get involved in conservation of migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


If you have completed Part a. of this requirement, why not complete this one as well? It's a great opportunity to debrief about your experience about the impact you had on the migrating animal populations. Don't forget to discuss how you might be able to involve more people in your conservation project in the future!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}

Here's another one on the fruit bat migration of Zambia’s Kasanka National Park.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=TIr0xKk2YJ0}}

This one is about the Amphibian Crossing Project, an initiative by the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey to help amphibians cross roads safely to their breeding grounds.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=WqJ6IiTJCzQ}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This one could be easily completed while you are visiting a zoo or nature park if you choose to complete Part d. of this requirement, and might also be completed if you choose to visit a common resting spot for migrating animals for Part f.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Do you know of a migration route or destination near you? Even if you do have one close by, there are probably migration routes or destinations nearby that you don't even know about yet! Check with your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to find places you can observe migrating animals. Make sure that you are following all rules and laws during your visit, and avoid disturbing the animals!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-10-01T16:52:30Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migrate is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous_hummingbird.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadian_goose_.jpeg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =Looking for Worms (50169959567).jpg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =7129322663_7861d71fca.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great_white_shark_.jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American_eel_.jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =White_tailed_deer_.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American_bison_.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name= Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary_Bat_.jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =Migratory_locust_.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly_Common_Green_Darner_.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Vanessa_cardui_.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European_Common_Frog_.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common_toad_.jpg
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Woodfrog_.jpg ‎
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern_american_toad_.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Green_turtle_.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida_Water_Moccasin_.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead_turtle_.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas_Island_Red_Crab_.jpg
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =Red_king_crab_.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Antarctic_krill_.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Sterna paradisaea
| common_name=Arctic Tern
| image =Arctic_tern_in_flight.jpg
| range =The Arctic tern is famous for its migration; it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year, the shortest distance between these areas being 19,000 km (12,000 mi). The long journey ensures that this bird sees two summers per year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Rangifer tarandus
| common_name=Caribou
| image =Reindeer_caribou_.jpg
| range =The caribou, also known as the reindeer in Europe and Asia, is a species of deer with circumpolar (around the pole, in this case, the North pole) distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Some populations of North American caribou migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, traveling up to 5,000 km (3,000 mi) a year, and covering 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi). The European populations are known to have shorter migrations.

Normally travelling about 19–55 km (12–34 mi) a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph). During the spring migration smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50,000 to 500,000 animals, but during autumn migrations the groups become smaller and the reindeer begin to mate. During winter, reindeer travel to forested areas to forage under the snow. By spring, groups leave their winter grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about 6.5 km/h (4 mph) but, if necessary, at 10 km/h (6 mph) and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye_salmon_.jpeg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Danaus plexippus
| common_name=Monarch Butterfly
| image =Monarch_butterfly_.jpg
| range =In the Americas, the monarch ranges from southern Canada through northern South America. It has also been found in Bermuda, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, continental Portugal, Gibraltar, the Philippines, and Morocco. It appears in the UK in some years as an accidental migrant. In North America, monarchs migrate both north and south on an annual basis, in a long-distance journey that is fraught with risks. The population east of the Rocky Mountains attempts to migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Michoacán and parts of Florida. The western population tries to reach overwintering destinations in various coastal sites in central and southern California. The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring. Monarchs from the eastern US generally migrate longer distances than monarchs from the western US.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name= Great Wildebeest Migration
| image =Blue_wildebeest_.jpg
| image =Great_Migration_.jpg
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year around the same time, the circular great wildebeest migration begins in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of the southern Serengeti in Tanzania and loops clockwise through the Serengeti National Park and north towards the Masai Mara reserve in Kenya. This migration is naturally caused by the availability of grazing. The initial phase lasts from about January to March, when the calving season begins – a time when there is plenty of rain-ripened grass available for the 260,000 zebras that precede 1.7 million wildebeest and the following hundreds of thousands of other plains game, including around 470,000 gazelles.

During February, the wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks. As the rains end in May, the animals start moving northwest into the areas around the Grumeti River, where they typically remain until late June. The crossings of the Grumeti and Mara rivers beginning in July are a popular safari attraction because crocodiles are lying in wait. The herds arrive in Kenya in late July / August, where they stay for the rest of the dry season. In early November, with the start of the short rains, the migration starts moving south again, to the short grass plains of the southeast, usually arriving in December in plenty of time for calving in February.

About 250,000 wildebeest die during the journey from Tanzania to the Maasai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya, a total of 800 kilometres (500 mi). Death is usually from thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation including by big cats.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in a Biblical migration!

Here are some discussion points to get you started:
*What was the purpose of the migration?
*How many people took part in the migration? Were any people mentioned by name? Why?
*What caused the migration? Were there things that were pushing them to find a new land (push factors) or drawing them to find a new land (pull factors)?
*How long did the migration take? What ways did they travel?
*How did they know where to go?
*How did the migration affect later Bible stories?
*What did the migrators learn from their journey? What can we learn?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


You can find the story of Noah in Genesis 5-7. There's a special migration mentioned in Genesis 7:8-9.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The story of the Exodus spans from the beginning of the Book of Exodus through Moses' death in Deuteronomy 34, and on following the children of Israel's conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua and the judges. The actual Exodus of Egypt takes place in Exodus 13.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Abraham's whole life involved migrating from place to place following God's direction. His story can be found from Genesis 12-25, but specific portions of his nomadic journey can be found in Genesis 12 and 20.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Joseph's story begins in Genesis 37 and 39 and continues until the end of Genesis (Genesis 50), but the migration that was caused by his betrayal and sale as a slave into Egypt occurs in Genesis 46.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The Babylonian capture was a major event in Israelite history, and it's mentioned dozens of times throughout the Bible. Records of the capture and the following captivity can be found in Daniel 1, 2 Chronicles 36:15-21, and throughout Jeremiah.

The return from Babylonian captivity can be found in Ezra 1-2 and 2 Chronicles 36:22-23.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This was a different type of migration, since it didn't involve very many people. You can find the story in Matthew 2:13-15.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This is another special migration in that the migrators didn't take the same routes or end up in the same destinations!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Contact your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to look for opportunities to help make a positive impact for migratory animals. Make sure that any project you work on does not damage the environment and follows any local laws. Here are a few ideas that might help you get started:

*Help create safe and protected resting sites.
*Set out food and provide water for migrating animals along common migration routes.
*Participate in a trash removal effort around migration routes and resting sites to prevent animals from ingesting garbage.
*Get involved in a migration effort such as the Amphibian Crossing Project (video about this project later in the answer key).
*Raise awareness through a creative means and encourage others to get involved in conservation of migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


If you have completed Part a. of this requirement, why not complete this one as well? It's a great opportunity to debrief about your experience about the impact you had on the migrating animal populations. Don't forget to discuss how you might be able to involve more people in your conservation project in the future!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}

Here's another one on the fruit bat migration of Zambia’s Kasanka National Park.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=TIr0xKk2YJ0}}

This one is about the Amphibian Crossing Project, an initiative by the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey to help amphibians cross roads safely to their breeding grounds.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=WqJ6IiTJCzQ}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This one could be easily completed while you are visiting a zoo or nature park if you choose to complete Part d. of this requirement, and might also be completed if you choose to visit a common resting spot for migrating animals for Part f.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Do you know of a migration route or destination near you? Even if you do have one close by, there are probably migration routes or destinations nearby that you don't even know about yet! Check with your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to find places you can observe migrating animals. Make sure that you are following all rules and laws during your visit, and avoid disturbing the animals!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Hydroponics and Aquaponics - Advanced/Answer Key

2021-09-28T18:10:34Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{honor_prerequisite|honor=Hydroponics and Aquaponics}}


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Trace elements essential for proper plant growth. These include boron, chlorine, nickel, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, and molybdenum among others. Micronutrients are nutrients needed in smaller amounts. They are not necessarily smaller in particle size.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Trace elements essential for proper plant growth. These include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Macronutrients are nutrients needed in larger amounts. They are not necessarily larger in particle size.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
One of three forms of nitrogen found in soil, and the one that plants use the most for growth.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Growing aquatic animals (fish, shellfish, etc.) or aquatic plants (plants grown for human food or plants such as algae, often used in biofuels) for human use. While aquaculture most often involves using either or both for food, it also includes the raising of fish, shellfish, and ornamental animals for aquariums, and seaweed for multiple purposes, among agriculture reasons.
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Here is an overly simplified explanation of how this happens: The fish create waste in the water. This water comes in contact with the plant's roots, which filters out the waste and returns the filtered water to the fish. Bacteria decomposes this waste into nutrients the plant can use. The plant absorbs these nutrients and grows.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Ph is a term most often seen in chemistry which stands for “power of hydrogen.” On a scale of 1-14, 7 is neutral, any number below 7 indicates that the substance is acidic, and any number above 7 indicates that the substance is alkaline, also known as basic. Plants must have a pH of around 5-7.5 for the hardier plants, and can become more specific depending on the needs of a specific plant. If the pH is not kept at a good level, many of the nutrients will separate from the water and “precipitate”, making them unusable for the plants, who need them to be dissolved in the water. Also, water that is too far away from the neutral mark can be harmful to the fish. While this may be a bit more than a beginner might understand, understand that the water quality has a direct influence on the health of the plants.

To test the acidity (or lack thereof) of water, there are specific test strips that can be used. These strips have special color codes that help you determine if the water is acidic, alkaline, or neutral, and the intensity of the acidity or alkalinity. To lower the pH level of water (to make it more acidic), you must add more acid. This can be done naturally using common acids such as lemon or orange juice (to test experimentally), but should be done using specifically designed chemicals to adjust a hydroponics or aquaponics system's pH. Similarly, if the water needs to be more alkaline, adding a basic element such as soda ash or sodium bicarbonate will accomplish this.

Bases (alkaline) and acids essentially cancel each other out. In other words, if you have water with a pH of 3 (acidic), and want to make it more alkaline, you must add enough alkaline material to bring the water back to neutral (7 on the pH scale), then add enough to achieve the alkaline levels that you want. It works the other way as well, turning an alkaline substance into an acid.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Hydroponics and aquaponics are similar in that they essentially have the same components and purpose, but aquaponics has the added component of the fish and the reservoir that contains them. Additionally, as far as the process of plant growth goes, aquaponics is more complex. While hydroponics simply absorbs nutrients that are artificially added to the water they use, aquaponics relies on the fish to provide waste for the plants to use, the bacteria to transfer the waste into usable nutrients for the plants, and the plants to clean the water for the fish. In this way, aquaponics consists of a symbiotic relationship between the plants, fish, and bacteria. Due to this, aquaponics behaves more like a natural mini-ecosystem, the plants being more hardy and resistant to infection and disease because they have become exposed and immune to the bacteria of the plants. Hydroponics does not have this benefit. Plants grown hydroponically don't have the same immunity, and will catch diseases quickly, so a hydroponic system must be carefully monitored to ensure that a diseased plant doesn't infect the other plants and destroy the whole system.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Organic foods ensure that the foods are being grown using as few unhealthy chemicals as possible. Being certified organic in some locations makes it possible to sell produce to specialty buyers that specialize in organic foods. Because of the amount of attention organic foods get, the demand is increasing and selling produce as organic will result in higher profit. Below is an excerpt from the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) standards for organic certification:

The organic crop production standards require that:

1. Land must have had no prohibited substances applied to it for at least 3 years before the harvest of an organic crop.

2. Soil fertility and crop nutrients will be managed through tillage and cultivation practices, crop rotations, and cover crops, supplemented with animal and crop waste materials and allowed synthetic materials.

3. Crop pests, weeds, and diseases will be controlled primarily through management practices including physical, mechanical, and biological controls. When these practices are not sufficient, a biological, botanical, or synthetic substance approved for use on the National List may be used.

4. Operations must use organic seeds and other planting stock when available.

5. The use of genetic engineering, ionizing radiation and sewage sludge is prohibited.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Similar to the basic Hydroponics and Aquaponics honor, this requirement is to get you involved with the actual process of growing using these alternative methods. This time, however, you are comparing and contrasting hydroponics and aquaponics themselves, rather than comparing them against produce grown using standard-practice methods. This doesn't have to be complex. The major difference is the addition of fish in the aquaponics system, so consider starting an aquarium and running the water through your aquaponics system before returning it to your fish tank! Keep a record of the care you give to both the hydroponics and the aquaponics systems, and compare and contrast the harvests!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Hydroponics and aquaponics can be used to benefit the lives of people all over the world, even as a means of sharing one's faith! Be creative. There are many ideas that you can do right in your local area. Some ideas might include offering hydroponics or aquaponics classes with a spiritual element to members of your community, supplying a local food bank with fresh produce grown with your systems, or even raising money to help provide hydroponics or aquaponics systems to people in third-world countries or low income communities. The opportunities are endless. Be sure to give a report on what you did and the things you learned during your project!

<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 


[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Hydroponics and Aquaponics/Answer Key

2021-09-28T17:19:54Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

<section begin="Body" />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<u>'''[[w:Aquaponics|Aquaponics]]'''</u>: A system using fish waste to fertilize plant growth. Plants filter the water and return the cleaned water to the fish. Basically a contained ecosystem.

<u>'''[[w:Hydroponics|Hydroponics]]'''</u>: Similar to aquaponics, minus the fish. A system of growing plants without soil, but often involving gravel, sand, or other media.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




''Similarities'': Both include the growth of plants (obviously), utilize water, and are productive in growing food for human consumption. Hydroponics often involves fertilizers. Aquaponics involves an ecosystem.

''Differences'': Neither hydroponics nor aquaponics involves the use of soil. Aquaponics does not use fertilizers but does use fish and hydroponics is not a complete ecosystem. Both are often built indoors to accommodate better temperature control.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




'''[https://smartgardenguide.com/what-is-wick-system-hydroponics/ Wick System]''': Consists of a water reservoir, a container to grow the plants in (often set on top of the water reservoir), and a wick, made of anything from felt to cotton to coconut coir. Moving water from the water reservoir to the plant by means of a wick. Similar to the way oil is drawn up the wick in a lamp, the water is moved close to a plant's roots for absorption.<br /><br />

'''[[w:Deep_water_culture|Deep Water Culture]]''': Consists of a water reservoir, containers with which the plants are suspended into the water and a way to keep them on the surface, and an air pump and air stone. The plants are suspended in such a way that the roots sit directly in the water. The air stone is put in the water under the plants to aerate the water to ensure that the plants don't suffocate or drown. This is one of the most common system setups.
[[File:Deep water culture.jpg|thumb|left|Deep water culture]]<br /><br />
{{clear}}

'''[[w:Nutrient_film_technique|Nutrient Film Technique]]''': Similar to Deep Water Culture and popular commercially. Consists of a water reservoir, a pump and a separate growing tray for the plants. The water is pumped from the tank to the tray which is sloped to cause the water to flow from one end to the other to water the plants. When the water reaches the other end, it flows back into the reservoir.
[[File:2009-03-07 Rix Dobbs' NFT hydro set-up.jpg|left|thumb|A home-built NFT hydroponic system]]<br /><br />
{{clear}}

'''[https://www.trees.com/gardening-and-landscaping/ebb-and-flow-hydroponics Flood and Drain]''': Consists of a water reservoir, a tray for the plants, and sometimes a water pump. The plants are not constantly exposed to water in this system, but at certain times per day, the roots are flooded for a certain period of time, then drained. This can be done manually by filling it by hand, or by pump, or even more advanced by attaching the pump to a timer.
{{#widget:YouTube|id=2iqOqBCrL5g}}<br /><br />
{{clear}}

'''[https://www.trees.com/gardening-and-landscaping/hydroponic-drip-system Drip Systems]''': Consists of a water reservoir, a plant tray, and a pump with tubing to each plant. The pump pumps water from the reservoir through the tubing to drip into the individual plant containers. The water that seeps out of the bottom is collected in the tray and returned to the reservoir. This system is most common commercially as the set-up cost is a bit higher than many of the other models and requires a little more maintenance.
{{#widget:YouTube|id=_oYc9S73AAE}}<br /><br />
{{clear}}

'''[[w:Aeroponics|Aeroponics]]''': One of the most complex and high-tech system. Consists of a water reservoir (as always) with a watertight or near water tight lid into which the plants are attached, their roots hanging into the container below. The roots do not rest in water as with the Deep-Water Culture system, but a mister inside the system keeps the roots moist, watering them through this mist rather than from direct contact with the water.
[[File:Aeroponic-propagation-soft-tissue.jpg|thumb|left|Close-up of the first patented aeroponic plant support structure (1983). Its unrestricted support of the plant allows for normal growth in the air/moisture environment, and is still in use today.]]<br /><br />
{{clear}}

''How do aquaponics systems compare'': Aquaponics systems are very similar except for the fact that aquaponics includes fish in the cycle. This may cause problems in some of the systems such as drip systems as the system has to work around the solid fish waste. This can clog systems and disrupt the cycle, possibly causing overflow and flooding.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Hydro/aquaponics are:
# Somewhat easy to set up
# Do not take much space
# Can be easily scalable to the size of the space that they are being grown in
# Can grow plants on racks stacked above each other, which means more plants per foot of space
# Can be built nearly anywhere including in the middle of big cities
# Are more easily controlled with fewer losses
# Are relatively inexpensive and accessible to all
# Can be a good way to grow organic food
# Can be a source of income


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




''Aquaponics'': Does not require fertilizers, simple to set up, dual income from both the plant and the fish, minimized disease.

''Hydroponics'': Does not have to deal with fish health, can be stacked more easily for maximized floor space efficiency, less smell.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




A medium, in this case, is a non-soil substance in which the plants grow but receive no or minimum nutrients from. The purpose of this is to keep the plants in an upright position and to allow water and/or fish waste to become trapped around the plants roots for absorption. Examples of these are gravel, sand, coconut coir, wood chips, clay balls, or Perlite.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Hydroponic and aquaponic systems both produce much higher yields in comparison to more common farming, such as large scale outdoor farming. These yields of hydro/aquaponics average from 10 to 12 times the yield of outdoor agriculture per acre, but have been cited to be up to 100 times per acre in some rare cases.

Hydroponics and aquaponics can be very similar as far as yields go, depending on the system, the lighting, the quality of water, the fertilizers, etc. An important note to remember is that fish waste is a highly nutritious and natural fertilizer and the size and quality of the plants grown in it are often much better than those grown in fertilized water.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




Hydroponics:
In many commercial growing settings, the plants do not have strong immune systems since they have not been exposed to the outdoor life which would harden them against diseases. This is in contrast to aquaponics which has a bit more exposure due to the fish and the bacteria associated with them. Many commercial hydroponic systems require a near sterile environment because of this. Diseases include powdery mildew, root rot, rust, botrytis, among many others.

Aquaponics: Some of the most common diseases for the plants include powdery mildew, lettuce mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, and deficiencies such as iron and magnesium.

<gallery>
Powdery_mildew_.jpg|Powdery Mildew
Root_Rot_.jpg |Root Rot
Wheat_leaf_rust_.jpg|Rust
Botrytis_cinerea_.jpg|Botrytis
Lettuce_mosaic_virus_.jpg|Lettuce Mosaic Virus
Tomato_spotted_wilt_virus_.jpg |Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Iron_deficiency_in_plants_.jpg|Iron Deficiency
Magnesium_deficiency_in_plants_.jpg|Magnesium Deficiency
</gallery>

Powdery Mildew: Develops when standing water is allowed prolonged contact with the plant in areas other than its roots. Prevention involves avoiding allowing this water from pooling on or around the stems and leaves of the plants. Fungicides and other treatments are available that will help to curb this problem. Also, sprays that are high in potassium are highly suggested in the growing world for this.

Root Rot: Caused by bacteria around the roots that eat at them until the plant dies. If caught soon enough, remove the infected area and spray with fungicide.

Rust: Not rust as in oxidized iron. High humidity is the cause of this. Most often found under the leaves as red powdery spots. To prevent from spreading, spot treat with rust- prevention chemicals.

Botrytis: Fuzzy white areas on leaves. Caused by poor ventilation. Take off affected plant parts and create better air flow.

Lettuce Mosaic Virus: This is a genetic virus that has no cure. Although it is not a hazard to people, it can easily destroy an aquaponics system, and can be transferred between plants by insects. Prevention is the trick. Pull plants that look like they are ill and quarantine them. If they recover, great! If not, they might have had a system-hazardous illness.

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus: It looks just like the name suggests. There is not a treatment for it, so removing a plant that looks odd is key before it can spread. The produce will ripen oddly and the skin of the plant's fruit will develop odd welts. Not a good sign.
Deficiencies: In an aquaponics system, this may be caused because the fish may compete with the plants for a certain nutrient. Also, pH can cause damages as well. Taking water tests for serious growers and keeping the water moving and clean for less experienced growers will help to solve this problem.

Fish Diseases: Then there are fish diseases. Anything that affects the fish has the possibility to affect the plants. This may or may not be a transfer of diseases, but if the water gets toxic for the fish, it is probable that it is not be good for the plants either.
Insect Infestation: These can be a major cause of concern as the plants are inside, unexposed to a number of animals that would keep the plants free of the pests. In a hydroponics system, manually removing the insects or using insecticides are recommended. Since insecticides cannot be used in aquaponics, manually removing the insects is good, but removing the plant and letting it soak completely in the fish's water for a while will cause the insects to let go. A great source of food for the fish!

Treatment: One of the best treatments is prevention. More specific prevention from spreading. If a leaf looks odd, take it off. If a plant looks sickly, replace it. There may be reasons that the plant is not doing well, especially if the other plants are thriving. If all the plants are sickly, that is a sign that either the entire system is infected, or there is a deficiency. Of course, this is assuming that water and light, humidity, and the other basic elements of plant survival are adequate.

The simple answer to why you should never use chemicals in an aquaponics system is because using chemicals will affect the fish poorly.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




This completely depends on the type of system being built, as well as how intricate you plan to make it. Refer back to question 5 for more specifics. Here's a list of components you might need to set up your system:

Hydroponics:
a). A container for water
b). A tray for plants, possibly one that can be set over the water reservoir
c). A pump and tubing, depending on the system
d). PVC pipe and connectors or other material if stacking the plant trays
e). Electricity for plugging in equipment
f). Air pump and air stone, depending on the system
g). Plants
h). A fertilizer of some sort
i). Sun light and/or a grow light
j). For more advanced systems or systems with extremes in temperature, a thermostat

Aquaponics:
a). A container for water and fish
b). A tray for plants, possibly one that can be set over the water reservoir
c). A pump and tubing that won't get clogged easily, depending on the system
d). PVC pipe and connectors or other material if stacking the plant trays
e). Electricity for plugging in equipment
f). Air pump and air stone, depending on the system
g). Plants
h). Fish
i). Fish food
j). Sun light and/or a grow light
k). For more advanced systems or systems with extremes in temperature, a thermostat
l). Thermometer for the fish's water to monitor water temperature


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




The purpose of this is to gain experience with hydro/aquaponics and get the participants used to the basic operation of a simple system. For a time crunch, growing herbs or even radishes, which take about 15 to 20 days till harvest, may be productive. Wheatgrass or alfalfa sprouts can be ready for harvest in just over a week or so. Growing other plants with a longer growth period, such as tomatoes or lettuce, would be advised if the full experience is desired.


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>





<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
These can be difficult to find, but many local growers use hydroponic or aquaponic methods. If you can find an establishment that specializes in either hydroponics or aquaponics, definitely don't pass on the opportunity to check it out!
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Your best chances of finding an expert on the fish used in aquaponics would be to ask the operator of an aquaponic farm. Ask them who they consult. They themselves probably did some research and could tell you why the fish that they chose would make the best fit for an aquaponic farm.
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
To do this, you need to either buy or grow produce that is hydroponically or aquaponically grown. You might consider doing this requirement while you complete Requirement 10! Once you have the produce in hand, compare it with produce that has not been grown in one of these manners. Most produce found at the supermarket will fall into this category. Can you tell a difference between the two?
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Hydroponics and aquaponics can be a huge benefit to communities all over the world. Not only can it get fresh, healthy, locally-grown food to people quickly and inexpensively, but it can also be adapted to a wide range of plants, needs, and geographic locations! Use what you've learned to show the benefits of these farming methods to the world!
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}} 

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




No matter how much adaption we make in the growing of crops, we can't forget that God is the giver of it! How many parallels can you come up with between hydro- or aquaponics and our spiritual journey with Christ? Share what you've learned!


<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 

<noinclude><translate></noinclude>
==References== 


[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-09-28T15:56:28Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

<section begin=Body />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migration is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous_hummingbird.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadian_goose_.jpeg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =American_robin_.jpeg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =7129322663_7861d71fca.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great_white_shark_.jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American_eel_.jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =White_tailed_deer_.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American_bison_.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name= Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary_Bat_.jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =Migratory_locust_.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly_Common_Green_Darner_.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Vanessa_cardui_.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European_Common_Frog_.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common_toad_.jpg
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Woodfrog_.jpg ‎
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern_american_toad_.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Green_turtle_.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida_Water_Moccasin_.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead_turtle_.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas_Island_Red_Crab_.jpg
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =Red_king_crab_.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Antarctic_krill_.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Sterna paradisaea
| common_name=Arctic Tern
| image =Arctic_tern_in_flight.jpg
| range =The Arctic tern is famous for its migration; it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year, the shortest distance between these areas being 19,000 km (12,000 mi). The long journey ensures that this bird sees two summers per year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Rangifer tarandus
| common_name=Caribou
| image =Reindeer_caribou_.jpg
| range =The caribou, also known as the reindeer in Europe and Asia, is a species of deer with circumpolar (around the pole, in this case, the North pole) distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Some populations of North American caribou migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, traveling up to 5,000 km (3,000 mi) a year, and covering 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi). The European populations are known to have shorter migrations.

Normally travelling about 19–55 km (12–34 mi) a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph). During the spring migration smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50,000 to 500,000 animals, but during autumn migrations the groups become smaller and the reindeer begin to mate. During winter, reindeer travel to forested areas to forage under the snow. By spring, groups leave their winter grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about 6.5 km/h (4 mph) but, if necessary, at 10 km/h (6 mph) and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye_salmon_.jpeg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Danaus plexippus
| common_name=Monarch Butterfly
| image =Monarch_butterfly_.jpg
| range =In the Americas, the monarch ranges from southern Canada through northern South America. It has also been found in Bermuda, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, continental Portugal, Gibraltar, the Philippines, and Morocco. It appears in the UK in some years as an accidental migrant. In North America, monarchs migrate both north and south on an annual basis, in a long-distance journey that is fraught with risks. The population east of the Rocky Mountains attempts to migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Michoacán and parts of Florida. The western population tries to reach overwintering destinations in various coastal sites in central and southern California. The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring. Monarchs from the eastern US generally migrate longer distances than monarchs from the western US.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name= Great Wildebeest Migration
| image =Blue_wildebeest_.jpg
| image =Great_Migration_.jpg
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year around the same time, the circular great wildebeest migration begins in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of the southern Serengeti in Tanzania and loops clockwise through the Serengeti National Park and north towards the Masai Mara reserve in Kenya. This migration is naturally caused by the availability of grazing. The initial phase lasts from about January to March, when the calving season begins – a time when there is plenty of rain-ripened grass available for the 260,000 zebras that precede 1.7 million wildebeest and the following hundreds of thousands of other plains game, including around 470,000 gazelles.

During February, the wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks. As the rains end in May, the animals start moving northwest into the areas around the Grumeti River, where they typically remain until late June. The crossings of the Grumeti and Mara rivers beginning in July are a popular safari attraction because crocodiles are lying in wait. The herds arrive in Kenya in late July / August, where they stay for the rest of the dry season. In early November, with the start of the short rains, the migration starts moving south again, to the short grass plains of the southeast, usually arriving in December in plenty of time for calving in February.

About 250,000 wildebeest die during the journey from Tanzania to the Maasai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya, a total of 800 kilometres (500 mi). Death is usually from thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation including by big cats.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in a Biblical migration!

Here are some discussion points to get you started:
What was the purpose of the migration?
How many people took part in the migration? Were any people mentioned by name? Why?
What caused the migration? Were there things that were pushing them to find a new land (push factors) or drawing them to find a new land (pull factors)?
How long did the migration take? What ways did they travel?
How did they know where to go?
How did the migration affect later Bible stories?
What did the migrators learn from their journey? What can we learn?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


You can find the story of Noah in Genesis 5-7. There's a special migration mentioned in Genesis 7:8-9.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The story of the Exodus spans from the beginning of the Book of Exodus through Moses' death in Deuteronomy 34, and on following the children of Israel's conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua and the judges. The actual Exodus of Egypt takes place in Exodus 13.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Abraham's whole life involved migrating from place to place following God's direction. His story can be found from Genesis 12-25, but specific portions of his nomadic journey can be found in Genesis 12 and 20.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Joseph's story begins in Genesis 37 and 39 and continues until the end of Genesis (Genesis 50), but the migration that was caused by his betrayal and sale as a slave into Egypt occurs in Genesis 46.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


The Babylonian capture was a major event in Israelite history, and it's mentioned dozens of times throughout the Bible. Records of the capture and the following captivity can be found in Daniel 1, 2 Chronicles 36:15-21, and throughout Jeremiah.

The return from Babylonian captivity can be found in Ezra 1-2 and 2 Chronicles 36:22-23.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This was a different type of migration, since it didn't involve very many people. You can find the story in Matthew 2:13-15.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This is another special migration in that the migrators didn't take the same routes or end up in the same destinations!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Contact your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to look for opportunities to help make a positive impact for migratory animals. Make sure that any project you work on does not damage the environment and follows any local laws. Here are a few ideas that might help you get started:

Help create safe and protected resting sites.
Set out food and provide water for migrating animals along common migration routes.
Participate in a trash removal effort around migration routes and resting sites to prevent animals from ingesting garbage.
Get involved in a migration effort such as the Amphibian Crossing Project (video about this project later in the answer key).
Raise awareness through a creative means and encourage others to get involved in conservation of migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


If you have completed Part a. of this requirement, why not complete this one as well? It's a great opportunity to debrief about your experience about the impact you had on the migrating animal populations. Don't forget to discuss how you might be able to involve more people in your conservation project in the future!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}

Here's another one on the fruit bat migration of Zambia’s Kasanka National Park.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=TIr0xKk2YJ0}}

This one is about the Amphibian Crossing Project, an initiative by the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey to help amphibians cross roads safely to their breeding grounds.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=WqJ6IiTJCzQ}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This one could be easily completed while you are visiting a zoo or nature park if you choose to complete Part d. of this requirement, and might also be completed if you choose to visit a common resting spot for migrating animals for Part f.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Do you know of a migration route or destination near you? Even if you do have one close by, there are probably migration routes or destinations nearby that you don't even know about yet! Check with your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to find places you can observe migrating animals. Make sure that you are following all rules and laws during your visit, and avoid disturbing the animals!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

<section end="Body" />
{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-09-27T15:57:34Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

<section begin=Body />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migration is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous_hummingbird.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadian_goose_.jpeg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =American_robin_.jpeg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =7129322663_7861d71fca.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great_white_shark_.jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American_eel_.jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =White_tailed_deer_.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American_bison_.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name= Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary_Bat_.jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =Migratory_locust_.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly_Common_Green_Darner_.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Vanessa_cardui_.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European_Common_Frog_.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common_toad_.jpg
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Woodfrog_.jpg ‎
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern_american_toad_.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Green_turtle_.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida_Water_Moccasin_.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead_turtle_.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas_Island_Red_Crab_.jpg
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =Red_king_crab_.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Antarctic_krill_.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Sterna paradisaea
| common_name=Arctic Tern
| image =Arctic_tern_in_flight.jpg
| range =The Arctic tern is famous for its migration; it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year, the shortest distance between these areas being 19,000 km (12,000 mi). The long journey ensures that this bird sees two summers per year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Rangifer tarandus
| common_name=Caribou
| image =Reindeer_caribou_.jpg
| range =The caribou, also known as the reindeer in Europe and Asia, is a species of deer with circumpolar (around the pole, in this case, the North pole) distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Some populations of North American caribou migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, traveling up to 5,000 km (3,000 mi) a year, and covering 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi). The European populations are known to have shorter migrations.

Normally travelling about 19–55 km (12–34 mi) a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph). During the spring migration smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50,000 to 500,000 animals, but during autumn migrations the groups become smaller and the reindeer begin to mate. During winter, reindeer travel to forested areas to forage under the snow. By spring, groups leave their winter grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about 6.5 km/h (4 mph) but, if necessary, at 10 km/h (6 mph) and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye_salmon_.jpeg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Danaus plexippus
| common_name=Monarch Butterfly
| image =Monarch_butterfly_.jpg
| range =In the Americas, the monarch ranges from southern Canada through northern South America. It has also been found in Bermuda, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, continental Portugal, Gibraltar, the Philippines, and Morocco. It appears in the UK in some years as an accidental migrant. In North America, monarchs migrate both north and south on an annual basis, in a long-distance journey that is fraught with risks. The population east of the Rocky Mountains attempts to migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Michoacán and parts of Florida. The western population tries to reach overwintering destinations in various coastal sites in central and southern California. The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring. Monarchs from the eastern US generally migrate longer distances than monarchs from the western US.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name= Great Wildebeest Migration
| image =Blue_wildebeest_.jpg
| image =Great_Migration_.jpg
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year around the same time, the circular great wildebeest migration begins in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of the southern Serengeti in Tanzania and loops clockwise through the Serengeti National Park and north towards the Masai Mara reserve in Kenya. This migration is naturally caused by the availability of grazing. The initial phase lasts from about January to March, when the calving season begins – a time when there is plenty of rain-ripened grass available for the 260,000 zebras that precede 1.7 million wildebeest and the following hundreds of thousands of other plains game, including around 470,000 gazelles.

During February, the wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks. As the rains end in May, the animals start moving northwest into the areas around the Grumeti River, where they typically remain until late June. The crossings of the Grumeti and Mara rivers beginning in July are a popular safari attraction because crocodiles are lying in wait. The herds arrive in Kenya in late July / August, where they stay for the rest of the dry season. In early November, with the start of the short rains, the migration starts moving south again, to the short grass plains of the southeast, usually arriving in December in plenty of time for calving in February.

About 250,000 wildebeest die during the journey from Tanzania to the Maasai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya, a total of 800 kilometres (500 mi). Death is usually from thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation including by big cats.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in a Biblical migration!

Here are some discussion points to get you started:
What was the purpose of the migration?
How many people took part in the migration? Were any people mentioned by name? Why?
What caused the migration? Were there things that were pushing them to find a new land (push factors) or drawing them to find a new land (pull factors)?
How long did the migration take? What ways did they travel?
How did they know where to go?
How did the migration affect later Bible stories?
What did the migrators learn from their journey? What can we learn?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Contact your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to look for opportunities to help make a positive impact for migratory animals. Make sure that any project you work on does not damage the environment and follows any local laws. Here are a few ideas that might help you get started:

Help create safe and protected resting sites.
Set out food and provide water for migrating animals along common migration routes.
Participate in a trash removal effort around migration routes and resting sites to prevent animals from ingesting garbage.
Get involved in a migration effort such as the Amphibian Crossing Project (video about this project later in the answer key).
Raise awareness through a creative means and encourage others to get involved in conservation of migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


If you have completed Part a. of this requirement, why not complete this one as well? It's a great opportunity to debrief about your experience about the impact you had on the migrating animal populations. Don't forget to discuss how you might be able to involve more people in your conservation project in the future!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}

Here's another one on the fruit bat migration of Zambia’s Kasanka National Park.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=TIr0xKk2YJ0}}

This one is about the Amphibian Crossing Project, an initiative by the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey to help amphibians cross roads safely to their breeding grounds.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=WqJ6IiTJCzQ}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


This one could be easily completed while you are visiting a zoo or nature park if you choose to complete Part d. of this requirement, and might also be completed if you choose to visit a common resting spot for migrating animals for Part f.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Do you know of a migration route or destination near you? Even if you do have one close by, there are probably migration routes or destinations nearby that you don't even know about yet! Check with your local Fish and Game organization, national park, or nature management agency to find places you can observe migrating animals. Make sure that you are following all rules and laws during your visit, and avoid disturbing the animals!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

<section end="Body" />
{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-09-27T15:31:20Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

<section begin=Body />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migration is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous_hummingbird.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadian_goose_.jpeg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =American_robin_.jpeg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =7129322663_7861d71fca.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great_white_shark_.jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American_eel_.jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =White_tailed_deer_.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American_bison_.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name= Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary_Bat_.jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =Migratory_locust_.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly_Common_Green_Darner_.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Vanessa_cardui_.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European_Common_Frog_.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common_toad_.jpg
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Woodfrog_.jpg ‎
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern_american_toad_.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Green_turtle_.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida_Water_Moccasin_.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead_turtle_.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas_Island_Red_Crab_.jpg
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =Red_king_crab_.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Antarctic_krill_.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Sterna paradisaea
| common_name=Arctic Tern
| image =Arctic_tern_in_flight.jpg
| range =The Arctic tern is famous for its migration; it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year, the shortest distance between these areas being 19,000 km (12,000 mi). The long journey ensures that this bird sees two summers per year and more daylight than any other creature on the planet.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Rangifer tarandus
| common_name=Caribou
| image =Reindeer_caribou_.jpg
| range =The caribou, also known as the reindeer in Europe and Asia, is a species of deer with circumpolar (around the pole, in this case, the North pole) distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Some populations of North American caribou migrate the farthest of any terrestrial mammal, traveling up to 5,000 km (3,000 mi) a year, and covering 1,000,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi). The European populations are known to have shorter migrations.

Normally travelling about 19–55 km (12–34 mi) a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph). During the spring migration smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50,000 to 500,000 animals, but during autumn migrations the groups become smaller and the reindeer begin to mate. During winter, reindeer travel to forested areas to forage under the snow. By spring, groups leave their winter grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about 6.5 km/h (4 mph) but, if necessary, at 10 km/h (6 mph) and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye_salmon_.jpeg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Danaus plexippus
| common_name=Monarch Butterfly
| image =Monarch_butterfly_.jpg
| range =In the Americas, the monarch ranges from southern Canada through northern South America. It has also been found in Bermuda, Cook Islands, Hawaii, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, continental Portugal, Gibraltar, the Philippines, and Morocco. It appears in the UK in some years as an accidental migrant. In North America, monarchs migrate both north and south on an annual basis, in a long-distance journey that is fraught with risks. The population east of the Rocky Mountains attempts to migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Michoacán and parts of Florida. The western population tries to reach overwintering destinations in various coastal sites in central and southern California. The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring. Monarchs from the eastern US generally migrate longer distances than monarchs from the western US.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name= Great Wildebeest Migration
| image =Blue_wildebeest_.jpg
| image =Great_Migration_.jpg
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year around the same time, the circular great wildebeest migration begins in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area of the southern Serengeti in Tanzania and loops clockwise through the Serengeti National Park and north towards the Masai Mara reserve in Kenya. This migration is naturally caused by the availability of grazing. The initial phase lasts from about January to March, when the calving season begins – a time when there is plenty of rain-ripened grass available for the 260,000 zebras that precede 1.7 million wildebeest and the following hundreds of thousands of other plains game, including around 470,000 gazelles.

During February, the wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks. As the rains end in May, the animals start moving northwest into the areas around the Grumeti River, where they typically remain until late June. The crossings of the Grumeti and Mara rivers beginning in July are a popular safari attraction because crocodiles are lying in wait. The herds arrive in Kenya in late July / August, where they stay for the rest of the dry season. In early November, with the start of the short rains, the migration starts moving south again, to the short grass plains of the southeast, usually arriving in December in plenty of time for calving in February.

About 250,000 wildebeest die during the journey from Tanzania to the Maasai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya, a total of 800 kilometres (500 mi). Death is usually from thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation including by big cats.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in Biblical migrations. What was the purpose of each migration?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great example of a video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

<section end="Body" />
{{CloseHonorPage}}

AY Honors/Migration/Answer Key

2021-09-27T15:17:38Z

LADdy:

{{HonorSubpage}}

<section begin=Body />

{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



The dictionary definition of migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. It can also be the movement of people from one place to another, though not necessarily seasonally.


It is important to remember that migration is different than an animal simply moving around. After all, a migration may be only a few feet for some animals. The difference is that a migrating animal usually moves into a different environment for a specific purpose, be it food, a mate, a change in temperature, etc., while an animal that is simply moving around, typically doesn't have a reason to move outside of its current environment.


Humans have known about migration for many thousands of years. However, they did not know much about it except through observation of the animals from the places they lived, giving them only a partial understanding about what migration is. They could see that the birds or game animals would leave at a specific time each year and would return the next year. Much of the time, they did not know where the animals were going, or what made them go, coming up with extraordinary stories to try and explain the patterns. One exception was the Native Americans, who were experts at knowing the patterns of the animals they hunted. Many tribes relied on hunting these animals and would follow them in their migrations each year. However, most migrating animals, such as birds and some insects, were too fast for people to follow, and their migrations went without much study for many years.


Once global travel became achievable, scientists were able to figure out where the migrating animals were going. With the fairly recent invention of tracking tags and devices, scientists are now able to even track these animals remotely, learning their patterns and their destinations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Animals migrate primarily to find food and water, often because they live in seasonal areas that don’t have food or water year-round, which forces them to relocate before they are at risk of death by starvation or thirst. They may also migrate to avoid the cold, which they may not be capable of surviving, or to find better grounds for reproduction.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



Scientists don’t fully understand this. They can only guess how so many animals decide to migrate at the same time, even though they may be continents apart. It may have something to do with the length of the day, the temperature, or something that we don’t know about yet!


Scientists do know that some animals can use the magnetic field of the earth to find their way, similar to having a built-in compass. Most travel to the same place each year, so they might use landmarks that they remember from year to year to help guide them back. Regardless, God cares for even the least of His creatures, and telling them when to migration is one of the ways that He cares for them!



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Selasphorus rufus
| common_name=Rufous Hummingbird
| image =Rufous_hummingbird.jpg
| range =Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over 2,000 mi (3,200 km) by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Branta canadensis
| common_name=Canada Goose
| image =Canadian_goose_.jpeg
| range =This species is native to North America. It breeds in Canada and the northern United States in a wide range of habitats. Canada geese are known for their seasonal migrations. Most Canada geese have staging or resting areas where they join up with others. Their autumn migration can be seen from September to the beginning of November. The early migrants have a tendency to spend less time at rest stops and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast.

Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,280 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet).

Flying in the V formation has been the subject of study by researchers. The front position is rotated since flying in front consumes the most energy.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Turdus migratorius
| common_name=American Robin
| image =American_robin_.jpeg
| range =This bird breeds throughout most of North America, from Alaska and Canada southward to northern Florida and Mexico. While robins occasionally overwinter in the northern part of the United States and southern Canada, most migrate to winter south of Canada from Florida and the Gulf Coast to central Mexico, as well as along the Pacific Coast. Most depart south by the end of August and begin to return north in February and March (exact dates vary with latitude and climate). The distance by which robins migrate varies significantly depending on their initial habitat; a study found that individual robins tagged in Alaska are known to travel as much as 3.5x further across seasons than robins tagged in Massachusetts.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Oncorhynchus nerka
| common_name=Sockeye Salmon
| image =Sockeye_salmon_.jpeg
| range =Sockeye salmon range as far south as the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific (although individuals have been spotted as far south as the 10 Mile River on the Mendocino Coast of California) and in northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific. They range as far north as the Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west. The farthest inland sockeye salmon travel is to Redfish Lake, Idaho, over 1,400 km (900 mi) from the ocean and 2,000 m (6,500 ft) in elevation. Sockeye salmon exhibit many different life histories with the majority being anadromous where the juvenile salmon migrate from freshwater lakes and streams to the ocean before returning as adults to their natal freshwater to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Entosphenus tridentatus
| common_name=Pacific Lamprey
| image =7129322663_7861d71fca.jpg
| range =The Pacific lamprey is an anadromous parasitic lamprey from the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Pacific lampreys grow to about 80 cm (31 in) as adults. Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology. Juveniles/adults have a jawless, sucker-like mouth that allows them to become parasitic on other fish and sperm whales, attaching themselves with their suckers and feeding on blood and body fluids. The adults live at least one to two years in the ocean and then return to fresh water to spawn. After spawning, the adults usually die within four days. Also, like salmon, the Pacific lamprey does not feed while migrating to spawn.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Carcharodon carcharias
| common_name=Great White Shark
| image =Great_white_shark_.jpg
| range =Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F). One of the densest-known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa. According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. Another white shark that was tagged off the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anguilla rostrata
| common_name=American Eel
| image =American_eel_.jpg
| range =The distribution of the American eel encompasses all accessible freshwater (streams and lakes), estuaries and coastal marine waters across a latitudinal range of 5 to 62 N. Their natural range includes the eastern North Atlantic Ocean coastline from Venezuela to Greenland and including Iceland. Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea. From there, young eels drift with ocean currents and then migrate inland into streams, rivers and lakes. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. After reaching these freshwater bodies they feed and mature for approximately 10 to 25 years before migrating back to the Sargasso Sea in order to complete their life cycle.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Odocoileus virginianus
| common_name=White-Tailed Deer
| image =White_tailed_deer_.jpg
| range =The white-tailed deer is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bison bison
| common_name=American Bison
| image =American_bison_.jpg
| range =The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is an American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. It nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000[5] wild bison today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species is now also freely roaming wild in some regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia. Bison are nomadic migrators, and historically would travel in herds of thousands to millions of animals, following the grazing patterns. Nowadays, their limited numbers make it less necessary for them to migrate.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Connochaetes taurinus
| common_name= Wildebeest
| image =Blue_wildebeest_.jpg
| range =Wildebeest inhabit the plains and open woodlands of parts of Africa south of the Sahara. Each year, some East African populations of blue wildebeest have a long-distance migration, seemingly timed to coincide with the annual pattern of rainfall and grass growth. The timing of their migrations in both the rainy and dry seasons can vary considerably (by months) from year to year. At the end of the wet season (May or June in East Africa), wildebeest migrate to dry-season areas in response to a lack of drinking water. When the rainy season begins again (months later), animals quickly move back to their wet-season ranges. Factors suspected to affect migration include food abundance, surface water availability, predators, and phosphorus content in grasses.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Aeorestes cinereus
| common_name= Hoary Bat
| image =Hoary_Bat_.jpg
| range =The Hoary Bat lives throughout most of North America and much of South America, with populations in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. Hoary bats are long-distance migrants, spending the winter in Central America and the southwestern United States and the spring and summer in more northern latitudes in the United States and Canada.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Locusta migratoria
| common_name=Migratory Locust
| image =Migratory_locust_.jpg ‎
| range =The migratory locust, sometimes classified into up to 10 subspecies, swarms in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but has become rare in Europe. These insects can form swarms numbering into the billions, eating everything in their path. Their migration patter primarily depends on the food supply, constant movement being necessary due to the huge amounts of vegetation consumed by the swarm. Their migration is relatively nomadic, settling wherever food is available.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anax junius
| common_name=Green Darner Dragonfly
| image =Dragonfly_Common_Green_Darner_.jpg
| range =One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Vanessa cardui
| common_name=Painted Lady Butterfly
| image =Vanessa_cardui_.jpg
| range =V. cardui is one of the most widespread of all butterflies, found on every continent except Antarctica and South America. V. cardui occurs in any temperate zone, including mountains in the tropics. The species is resident only in warmer areas, but migrates in spring, and sometimes again in autumn. It migrates from North Africa and the Mediterranean to Britain and Europe in May and June, and from the Red Sea basin, via Israel and Cyprus, to Turkey in March and April. The occasional autumn migration made by V. cardui is likely for the inspection of resource changes; it consists of a round trip from Europe to Africa.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Rana temporaria
| common_name=European Common Frog
| image =European_Common_Frog_.jpg
| range =Common frogs are found throughout much of Europe as far north as northern Scandinavia inside the Arctic Circle and as far east as the Urals, except for most of Iberia, Southern Italy, and the southern Balkans. Other areas where the common frog has been introduced include the Isle of Lewis, Shetland, Orkney and the Faroe Islands. It is also found in Asia, and eastward to Japan. Common frogs typically hibernate from late October to January. They will re-emerge as early as February if conditions are favorable, and migrate to bodies of water such as garden ponds to spawn. Where conditions are harsher, such as in the Alps, they emerge as late as early June.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Bufo bufo
| common_name=Common Toad
| image =Common_toad_.jpg
| range =The common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe.It is found throughout the continent with the exception of Iceland, the cold northern parts of Scandinavia, Ireland and a number of Mediterranean islands. It is largely found in forested areas with coniferous, deciduous and mixed woodland, especially in wet locations. It also inhabits open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and often occurs in dry areas well away from standing water. Many toads are killed by traffic while migrating to their breeding grounds. In Europe they have the highest rate of mortality from roadkill among amphibians. Many of the deaths take place on stretches of road where streams flow underneath showing that migration routes often follow water courses. In some places in Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Northern Italy and Poland, special tunnels have been constructed so that toads can cross under roads in safety. In other places, local wildlife groups run "toad patrols", carrying the amphibians across roads at busy crossing points in buckets.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Lithobates sylvaticus
| common_name=Wood Frog
| image =Woodfrog_.jpg ‎
| range =The contiguous wood frog range is from northern Georgia and northeastern Canada in the east to Alaska and southern British Columbia in the west. It is the most widely distributed frog in Alaska. It is also found in the Medicine Bow National Forest. Long-distance migration plays an important role in their life history. Individual wood frogs range widely (hundreds of meters) among their breeding pools and neighboring freshwater swamps, cool-moist ravines, and/or upland habitats. Genetic neighborhoods of individual pool breeding populations extend more than a kilometer away from the breeding site. Adult wood frogs spend summer months in moist woodlands, forested swamps, ravines, or bogs. During the fall, they leave summer habitats and migrate to neighboring uplands to overwinter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Anaxyrus americanus
| common_name=Eastern American Toad
| image =Eastern_american_toad_.jpg
| range =The American toad is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. Often entire groups of tadpoles reach the toadlet stage at once and a mass migration to higher ground takes place usually to shaded areas of mid range and upland forests bordering the marshes from where they bred.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Chelonia mydas
| common_name=Green Sea Turtle
| image =Green_turtle_.jpg
| range =Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed. Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Agkistrodon piscivorus
| common_name=Water Moccasin
| image =Florida_Water_Moccasin_.jpg
| range =Also commonly known as a cottonmouth snake, the water moccasin, native to the southeaster United States, is one of the few snakes that has been reported to take part in a mass migration, traveling overland to their hibernation grounds before winter.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Caretta caretta
| common_name=Loggerhead Sea Turtle
| image =Loggerhead_turtle_.jpg
| range =The loggerhead sea turtle has a wide distribution, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Pacific loggerheads live in temperate to tropical regions. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{Species id
| latin_name=Gecarcoidea natalis
| common_name=Christmas Island Red Crab
| image =Christmas_Island_Red_Crab_.jpg
| range =For most of the year, red crabs can be found within Christmas Islands' forests. Each year, however, they migrate to the coast to breed; the beginning of the wet season (usually October/November) allows the crabs to increase their activity and stimulates their annual migration. The timing of their migration is also linked to the phases of the moon. During this migration, red crabs abandon their burrows and travel to the coast to mate and spawn. This normally requires at least a week.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name=Paralithodes camtschaticus
| common_name=Red King Crab
| image =Red_king_crab_.jpg
| range =The red king crab is native to the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, around the Kamchatka Peninsula and neighboring Alaskan waters. The depth at which it can live has much to do with what stage of its lifecycle it is in; newly hatched crab (zoea larvae) stay in the shallower waters where food and protection are plentiful. Usually, after the age of two, the crabs move down to depths of 20–50 m (66–164 ft) and take part in what is known as podding; hundreds of crabs come together in tight, highly concentrated groups. Adult crabs are found usually more than 200 m down on the sand and muddy areas in the substrate. They migrate in the winter or early spring to shallower depths for mating, but most of their lives are spent in the deep waters where they feed.
}}


{{Species id
| latin_name= Euphausia superba
| common_name=Antarctic Krill
| image =Antarctic_krill_.jpg
| range = Antarctic krill is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is the dominant animal species of Earth. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms, sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. Antarctic krill, as with other species of krill, participate in a unique type of migration known as a diurnal vertical migration, in which the animals move to shallower water to feed before returning to the relative safety of the depths. Krill are thought to undergo between one and three vertical migrations from mixed surface waters to depths of 100m daily.
}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Migrating animals face hungry predators, a scarcity of food or water, natural dangers such as storms, and difficult terrain such as mountains and cliffs. Many animals, especially aquatic animals, are easily harmed by manmade obstacles such as dams and turbines, or by pollution.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A complete migration occurs when an animal migrates to a new location and back again. An example of this would be Canadian Geese, who fly south for the winter, then back north for the summer. Not all animals will complete an entire complete migration alone though, as in the case of the Monarch Butterfly. The insect migrates to the new location where it breeds, lays its eggs, and dies. Once the eggs hatch, the new Monarchs fly back to their parent’s birthplace where they breed, lay their own eggs, and die.

Partial migrations occur when not all of the animals of a specific species migrate. For example, some birds of prey don’t migrate when the others in the same species do. Nomadic migrations don’t tend to have a specific end goal. In other words, while a complete or partial migration usually begins and ends in the same relative area, a nomadic migration involves traveling in no particular direction, but simply following the food! An example is the American Bison, who lives in massive herds which can easily demolish all the food in an area. Hence, they are nomadic migrators, moving wherever the food can be found.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


In the past, humans would use the consistency of an animal’s migration to plan hunting and trapping methods. Today, infrastructure, including roads, dams, and fences can hinder or completely block off animal migration routes. For example, deer fences are often erected to keep deer and antelope off of farm lands, or around railroad lines to keep them off the tracks. However, these fences can also prevent the animals from using their migration routes.

Another example of this may be the construction of roads across migration routes. While large animals crossing the roads may be a danger to drivers, not to mention the animals themselves, smaller animals such as migrating frogs, rodents, and earthbound insects may find these to be an even greater hazard, as they are not capable of getting out of the way as easily. A common solution is to provide alternative routes for the animals to use in their migration routes. This might be a tunnel under a road or an opening under a railroad bridge that the animals can get through.

One of the most well-known problems regarding migration is the problem that dams create for migrating fish, especially to and from their breeding grounds. Dams have made an obstruction that have blocked this migration, often resulting in the extinction of various species of fish from portions of their natural habitat. In fact, the problem has been severe enough that many dams have been taken down to help reintroduce the fish to their natural habitats. A solution that has been used in many dams and waterway obstructions is a fish ladder or fish steps, a series of basins arranged in steps that allow the fish jump from one to another and bypass the obstacle. While the results are not always the most promising, it is a great demonstration of the effort that people have made to correct the problems they have caused migrating animals.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


A lot of migration tracking is done through GPS. An animal gets caught, a GPS collar or tag is attached to it, and it is released, the GPS system sending out signals to satellites which are then collected in a computer. Bird bands are also useful. A bird is caught and the band is wrapped around its leg. Then it is released and free to go on its way until caught again later, hopefully at the other end of its migration, to track how long it took for it to travel. Scientists also use stickers, radio collars, and trail cameras to help track migrations.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Humans also migrate, but not usually the same way. For example, most people don’t make a yearly trip south so that they can find food! (Some people, affectionately called Snow Birds, head down south for the winter to follow the sunshine). Most human migrations are due to significant events that affect large numbers of people. For example, between 1845 and 1855, the Irish Potato Blight caused over a million Irish citizens to immigrate to America looking for better living circumstances. Other groups immigrate looking for work, such as many people from central to south America. Still others migrate to escape war, and others are forced, either expelled from their country for being a part of an ethnic group, or enslaved and shipped away. They are similar to animal migrations in that the factors that cause them to migrate typically affect a huge group of people, causing them to move at the same time. However, it doesn’t usually happen yearly, and many of them never return.



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Many migrations are recorded in the Bible! Abraham's whole life was one of migrating to and fro, following God's direction. The Israelites migrated out of Egypt and after rebelling against God for hundreds of years, they were captured by Nebuchadnezzar and carried off to Babylon. After seventy years, the Babylonian king released them, and they migrated back home again. Joseph, Noah, the first Christians, and even Jesus took part in Biblical migrations. What was the purpose of each migration?



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11g}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11h}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12c}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>


Here's a great example of a video you can watch on the Great African Migration.
{{clear}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=GnK7gNXxb3c}}



<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12d}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>



{{AY Honors/Zoo Visit}}
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12e}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12f}}
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>




<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}}
{{CloseReq}}

==References==

<section end="Body" />
{{CloseHonorPage}}