AY Honors/Biblical Archaeology/Answer Key - Revision history

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c. Assyriology

Jomegat bot: Jomegat bot moved page Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Outreach/Biblical Archaeology to AY Honors/Biblical Archaeology/Answer Key: Bot: Moved page

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Jomegat bot moved page AY Honor Biblical Archaeology to AY Honor Biblical Archaeology Answer Key: Bot: Moved page

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-In a broad sense, stratigraphy is the study of rock layers, but [[W:Stratigraphy_(archaeology)|Archaeological Stratigraphy]] is based on the same idea.  The location of an artifact below ground is key to understanding the item in context with other items. Archaeologists look that the strata (or layers) of a site to understand it.  If you were to did in Rome for example, near the surface you might find modern trash, asphalt, and Euro coins.  As you go deeper into other strata you might find items from the Middle Ages and then the Roman Empire and finally perhaps pre-Empire items. Pottery and coins are good indicators of what historical layer you are digging through. [[Image:Tell Barri 1.jpg|thumb|Tell Barri (northeastern Syria)]]
+In a broad sense, stratigraphy is the study of rock layers, but [[W:Stratigraphy_(archaeology)|Archaeological Stratigraphy]] is based on the same idea. The location of an artifact below ground is key to understanding the item in context with other items. Archaeologists look that the strata (or layers) of a site to understand it. If you were to did in Rome for example, near the surface you might find modern trash, asphalt, and Euro coins. As you go deeper into other strata you might find items from the Middle Ages and then the Roman Empire and finally perhaps pre-Empire items. Pottery and coins are good indicators of what historical layer you are digging through. [[Image:Tell Barri 1.jpg|thumb|Tell Barri (northeastern Syria)]]
 [[Image:Citadel of Aleppo.jpg|thumb|View of the [[W:Citadel of Aleppo|Citadel of Aleppo]] (northern Syria), built on top of a tell occupied since at least the third millennium BC]]
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-<!-- 8. Share with a group or instructor the significance of each of the following famous archaeologists (or other archaeologists relevant to your region, country, or division).  Be detailed and specific. -->
+<!-- 8. Share with a group or instructor the significance of each of the following famous archaeologists (or other archaeologists relevant to your region, country, or division). Be detailed and specific. -->
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-William Foxwell Albright (May 24, 1891 – September 19, 1971)  was an American archaeologist, biblical scholar, philologist, and expert on ceramics. Albright became known to the public for his role in the authentication of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1948, but made his scholarly reputation as the leading theorist and practitioner of biblical archaeology, "that branch of archaeology that sheds light upon "the social and political structure, the religious concepts and practices and other human activities and relationships that are found in the Bible or pertain to people mentioned in the Bible."
+William Foxwell Albright (May 24, 1891 – September 19, 1971) was an American archaeologist, biblical scholar, philologist, and expert on ceramics. Albright became known to the public for his role in the authentication of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1948, but made his scholarly reputation as the leading theorist and practitioner of biblical archaeology, "that branch of archaeology that sheds light upon "the social and political structure, the religious concepts and practices and other human activities and relationships that are found in the Bible or pertain to people mentioned in the Bible."
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-There are a few ways to do this - one is to break out the modeling clay or drywall compound.  To define the current city of Jerusalem will require some space, like a table top. Building a model of this scale is a good small group project.
+There are a few ways to do this - one is to break out the modeling clay or drywall compound. To define the current city of Jerusalem will require some space, like a table top. Building a model of this scale is a good small group project.
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 [[W:Egyptology|Egyptology]] is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
 ===c. Assyriology===
- [[W:Assyriology|Assyriology]] is the archaeological, historical, and linguistic study of ancient Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) and of related cultures that used cuneiform writing. The field covers the Akkadian sister-cultures of Assyria and Babylonia, together with their cultural predecessor; Sumer. The names of the country of Syria and the Assyrian Christian minority in Iraq both come from the same root word.
+[[W:Assyriology|Assyriology]] is the archaeological, historical, and linguistic study of ancient Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) and of related cultures that used cuneiform writing. The field covers the Akkadian sister-cultures of Assyria and Babylonia, together with their cultural predecessor; Sumer. The names of the country of Syria and the Assyrian Christian minority in Iraq both come from the same root word.
 ===d. Orientalist===
 A person engaged in [[W:Oriental Studies|Oriental Studies]], covering Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology. Newer terms are Asian studies and Middle Eastern studies. Traditional Oriental Studies in Europe is today generally focused on the discipline of Islamic Studies, while the study of China, especially traditional China, is often called Sinology and the study of East Asia, especially in the United States, is often called East Asian Studies.

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 ==2. Define the following terms:== <!--T:3-->
-;a. Papyrology: [[W:Papyrology|Papyrology]] is the study of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives, etc., as preserved in manuscripts written on papyrus, the most common form of writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Papyrology includes both the translation and interpretation of ancient documents in a variety of languages and the care and preservation of rare papyrus originals.
+===a. Papyrology===
-;b. Egyptologist: [[W:Egyptology|Egyptology]] is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
+[[W:Papyrology|Papyrology]] is the study of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives, etc., as preserved in manuscripts written on papyrus, the most common form of writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Papyrology includes both the translation and interpretation of ancient documents in a variety of languages and the care and preservation of rare papyrus originals.
-;c. Assyriology:  [[W:Assyriology|Assyriology]] is the archaeological, historical, and linguistic study of ancient Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) and of related cultures that used cuneiform writing. The field covers the Akkadian sister-cultures of Assyria and Babylonia, together with their cultural predecessor; Sumer. The names of the country of Syria and the Assyrian Christian minority in Iraq both come from the same root word.
+===b. Egyptologist===
-;d. Orientalist: A person engaged in [[W:Oriental Studies|Oriental Studies]], covering Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology. Newer terms are Asian studies and Middle Eastern studies. Traditional Oriental Studies in Europe is today generally focused on the discipline of Islamic Studies, while the study of China, especially traditional China, is often called Sinology and the study of East Asia, especially in the United States, is often called East Asian Studies.
+[[W:Egyptology|Egyptology]] is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
-;e. Cuneiform: Cuneiform script is one of the earliest known systems of writing. It uses wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, made with a blunt reed stylus. The name cuneiform itself simply means "wedge shaped", from the Latin cuneus "wedge" and forma "shape," and came into English usage probably from Old French cunéiforme. [[Image:Trilingual_inscription_of_Xerxes,_Van,_1973.JPG|trilingual inscription of Xerxes|300px]]
+===c. Assyriology===
-;f. Hieroglyphic: Writing with pictures or icons that developed from pictures, popular in ancient Egypt.
+  [[W:Assyriology|Assyriology]] is the archaeological, historical, and linguistic study of ancient Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) and of related cultures that used cuneiform writing. The field covers the Akkadian sister-cultures of Assyria and Babylonia, together with their cultural predecessor; Sumer. The names of the country of Syria and the Assyrian Christian minority in Iraq both come from the same root word.
-;g. Paleography: also spelled [[W:Palaeography|Palaeography]] (from Greek παλαιός palaiós, "old" and γράφειν graphein, "to write"), is the study of ancient and historical handwriting (that is to say, of the forms and processes of writing, not the textual content of documents). Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of scriptoria.
+===d. Orientalist===
-;h. Antiquarian: An [[W:Antiquarian|Antiquarian]] is a student of antiquities. More specifically, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artifacts, archaeological and historic sites, or historic archives and manuscripts. The essence of antiquarianism is a focus on the empirical evidence of the past, and is perhaps best encapsulated in the motto adopted by the 18th-century antiquary, Sir Richard Colt Hoare, "We speak from facts not theory". Today the term is often used in a pejorative sense, to refer to an excessively narrow focus on factual historical trivia, to the exclusion of a sense of historical context or process.
+A person engaged in [[W:Oriental Studies|Oriental Studies]], covering Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology. Newer terms are Asian studies and Middle Eastern studies. Traditional Oriental Studies in Europe is today generally focused on the discipline of Islamic Studies, while the study of China, especially traditional China, is often called Sinology and the study of East Asia, especially in the United States, is often called East Asian Studies.
-;i. Archeological site: An [[W:Archaeological site|Archaeological site]] is a physical place in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology. Sites may range from those with few or no remains visible above ground, to buildings and other structures still in use.
+===e. Cuneiform===
-;j. Stratigraphy: In a broad sense, stratigraphy is the study of rock layers, but [[W:Stratigraphy_(archaeology)|Archaeological Stratigraphy]] is based on the same idea.  The location of an artifact below ground is key to understanding the item in context with other items. Archaeologists look that the strata (or layers) of a site to understand it.  If you were to did in Rome for example, near the surface you might find modern trash, asphalt, and Euro coins.  As you go deeper into other strata you might find items from the Middle Ages and then the Roman Empire and finally perhaps pre-Empire items. Pottery and coins are good indicators of what historical layer you are digging through. [[Image:Tell Barri 1.jpg|thumb|Tell Barri (northeastern Syria)]]
+Cuneiform script is one of the earliest known systems of writing. It uses wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, made with a blunt reed stylus. The name cuneiform itself simply means "wedge shaped", from the Latin cuneus "wedge" and forma "shape," and came into English usage probably from Old French cunéiforme. [[Image:Trilingual_inscription_of_Xerxes,_Van,_1973.JPG|trilingual inscription of Xerxes|300px]]
 [[Image:Citadel of Aleppo.jpg|thumb|View of the [[W:Citadel of Aleppo|Citadel of Aleppo]] (northern Syria), built on top of a tell occupied since at least the third millennium BC]]
-;k. Tel, tell, and Khirbet: A tell or tel (Hebrew and Arabic words for a city) and a Khirbet meaning "ruin of or "ruin on a hill" are equivalent terms often used in place names of archaeological sites. They are mounds created by human occupation and abandonment of a geographical site over many centuries. To avoid flooding many places are still built on higher ground, but as cities are built up and destroyed, they grow higher, mostly from decaying bricks. Even young cities exhibit this phenomenon - some Seattle, Washington streets are a full story higher than when the adjoining buildings were built because streets were filled in with garbage, and in Mexico City you can find old buildings that must be entered from stairs that appear to go to the basement (partly from sinking, partly from building up of the surrounding area). The largest city in Israel is Tel Aviv.
+===k. Tel, tell, and Khirbet===
-;l. Replica: a copy of something. Some replicas are intentional fakes meant to fool buyers, while others are created just so people can enjoy them (like replicas of pottery or miniature statues you might find in a museum gift shop). A museum may create an intact replica of a very valuable, damaged, fragile or even completely destroyed item (known from paintings for example) for public display.
+A tell or tel (Hebrew and Arabic words for a city) and a Khirbet meaning "ruin of or "ruin on a hill" are equivalent terms often used in place names of archaeological sites. They are mounds created by human occupation and abandonment of a geographical site over many centuries. To avoid flooding many places are still built on higher ground, but as cities are built up and destroyed, they grow higher, mostly from decaying bricks. Even young cities exhibit this phenomenon - some Seattle, Washington streets are a full story higher than when the adjoining buildings were built because streets were filled in with garbage, and in Mexico City you can find old buildings that must be entered from stairs that appear to go to the basement (partly from sinking, partly from building up of the surrounding area). The largest city in Israel is Tel Aviv.
 ==3. Define maximalism and minimalism== <!--T:4-->

AY Honors/Biblical Archaeology/Answer Key - Revision history

W126jep at 13:22, 26 May 2021

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Jomegat: /* c. Assyriology */

Jomegat bot: Jomegat bot moved page Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Outreach/Biblical Archaeology to AY Honors/Biblical Archaeology/Answer Key: Bot: Moved page

Jomegat at 03:56, 15 November 2020

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