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	<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=AY_Honors%2FCommunications%2FMorse_Code</id>
	<title>AY Honors/Communications/Morse Code - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-26T06:15:31Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=553580&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>W126jep: Marked this version for translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=553580&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-10-19T19:20:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marked this version for translation&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:20, 19 October 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;translate&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;translate&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--T:1--&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:International_Morse_code.png|right|framed|1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:International_Morse_code.png|right|framed|1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Morse code''' is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and long marks or pulses — commonly known as &amp;quot;dots&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;dashes&amp;quot; — for the letters, numerals and special characters of a message. Originally created for Samuel Morse's electric telegraph in the mid-1830s, it was also extensively used for early radio communication beginning in the 1890s. However, with the development of more advanced communications technologies, the widespread use of Morse code is now largely obsolete, apart from emergency use and other specialized purposes, including navigational radio beacons, and by CW (continuous wave) amateur radio operators. Morse code is the only digital modulation mode designed to be easily read by humans without a computer, making it appropriate for sending automated digital data in voice channels, as well as making it ideal for emergency signaling, such as by way of improvised energy sources that can be easily &amp;quot;keyed&amp;quot; such as by supplying and removing electric power (e.g. by switching a breaker on and off).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Morse code''' is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and long marks or pulses — commonly known as &amp;quot;dots&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;dashes&amp;quot; — for the letters, numerals and special characters of a message. Originally created for Samuel Morse's electric telegraph in the mid-1830s, it was also extensively used for early radio communication beginning in the 1890s. However, with the development of more advanced communications technologies, the widespread use of Morse code is now largely obsolete, apart from emergency use and other specialized purposes, including navigational radio beacons, and by CW (continuous wave) amateur radio operators. Morse code is the only digital modulation mode designed to be easily read by humans without a computer, making it appropriate for sending automated digital data in voice channels, as well as making it ideal for emergency signaling, such as by way of improvised energy sources that can be easily &amp;quot;keyed&amp;quot; such as by supplying and removing electric power (e.g. by switching a breaker on and off).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--T:2--&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Morse code can be transmitted in a number of ways: originally as electrical pulses along a telegraph wire, but also as an audio tone, as a radio signal with short and long pulses or tones, or as a mechanical or visual signal (e.g. a flashing light). Because Morse code is transmitted using just two states — on and off — it was an early form of a digital code. International Morse code is composed of six elements:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Morse code can be transmitted in a number of ways: originally as electrical pulses along a telegraph wire, but also as an audio tone, as a radio signal with short and long pulses or tones, or as a mechanical or visual signal (e.g. a flashing light). Because Morse code is transmitted using just two states — on and off — it was an early form of a digital code. International Morse code is composed of six elements:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# short mark, dot or 'dit' (·)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# short mark, dot or 'dit' (·)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot; &gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# long gap (between sentences)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# long gap (between sentences)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--T:3--&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Those learning Morse are often taught to send and understand letters and other symbols at their full target speed, that is with normal relative timing of the dots, dashes and spaces within each symbol for that speed. Exaggerated spaces between symbols and words are used to give 'thinking time', which can be reduced with practice and familiarity. This makes the sound 'shape' of the letters and symbols easier to learn. This teaching method is referred to as the '''Farnsworth method'''. Another popular teaching method is the '''Koch method''', which uses the full target speed from the outset, but begins with just two characters. Once strings containing those two characters can be copied with 90% accuracy, an additional character is added, and so on until the full character set is mastered.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Those learning Morse are often taught to send and understand letters and other symbols at their full target speed, that is with normal relative timing of the dots, dashes and spaces within each symbol for that speed. Exaggerated spaces between symbols and words are used to give 'thinking time', which can be reduced with practice and familiarity. This makes the sound 'shape' of the letters and symbols easier to learn. This teaching method is referred to as the '''Farnsworth method'''. Another popular teaching method is the '''Koch method''', which uses the full target speed from the outset, but begins with just two characters. Once strings containing those two characters can be copied with 90% accuracy, an additional character is added, and so on until the full character set is mastered.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--T:4--&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As with other lists mnemonics may be used as a memory aid. Here is a United States version based on the NATO phonetic alphabet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As with other lists mnemonics may be used as a memory aid. Here is a United States version based on the NATO phonetic alphabet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--T:5--&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| border=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| border=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l72&quot; &gt;Line 72:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 77:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!--T:6--&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/translate&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/translate&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key PathWiki:diff::1.12:old-553571:rev-553580 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>W126jep</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=553571&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>W126jep: + translate tags</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=553571&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-10-19T17:28:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;+ translate tags&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:28, 19 October 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;translate&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:International_Morse_code.png|right|framed|1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:International_Morse_code.png|right|framed|1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Morse code''' is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and long marks or pulses — commonly known as &amp;quot;dots&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;dashes&amp;quot; — for the letters, numerals and special characters of a message. Originally created for Samuel Morse's electric telegraph in the mid-1830s, it was also extensively used for early radio communication beginning in the 1890s. However, with the development of more advanced communications technologies, the widespread use of Morse code is now largely obsolete, apart from emergency use and other specialized purposes, including navigational radio beacons, and by CW (continuous wave) amateur radio operators. Morse code is the only digital modulation mode designed to be easily read by humans without a computer, making it appropriate for sending automated digital data in voice channels, as well as making it ideal for emergency signaling, such as by way of improvised energy sources that can be easily &amp;quot;keyed&amp;quot; such as by supplying and removing electric power (e.g. by switching a breaker on and off).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Morse code''' is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and long marks or pulses — commonly known as &amp;quot;dots&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;dashes&amp;quot; — for the letters, numerals and special characters of a message. Originally created for Samuel Morse's electric telegraph in the mid-1830s, it was also extensively used for early radio communication beginning in the 1890s. However, with the development of more advanced communications technologies, the widespread use of Morse code is now largely obsolete, apart from emergency use and other specialized purposes, including navigational radio beacons, and by CW (continuous wave) amateur radio operators. Morse code is the only digital modulation mode designed to be easily read by humans without a computer, making it appropriate for sending automated digital data in voice channels, as well as making it ideal for emergency signaling, such as by way of improvised energy sources that can be easily &amp;quot;keyed&amp;quot; such as by supplying and removing electric power (e.g. by switching a breaker on and off).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l71&quot; &gt;Line 71:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 72:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/translate&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key PathWiki:diff::1.12:old-550233:rev-553571 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>W126jep</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=550233&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>DesignerThan: DesignerThan moved page AY Honors/Code/Morse Code to AY Honors/Communications/Morse Code without leaving a redirect: it is an answer part of the Communications honor so we move it there</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=550233&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-09-24T19:21:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;DesignerThan moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Code/Morse_Code&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;AY Honors/Code/Morse Code (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;AY Honors/Code/Morse Code&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/w/AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&quot; title=&quot;AY Honors/Communications/Morse Code&quot;&gt;AY Honors/Communications/Morse Code&lt;/a&gt; without leaving a redirect: it is an answer part of the Communications honor so we move it there&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:21, 24 September 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;!-- diff cache key PathWiki:diff::1.12:old-544962:rev-550233 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>DesignerThan</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=544962&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>W126jep: W126jep moved page Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Morse Code to AY Honors/Code/Morse Code without leaving a redirect</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=544962&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-09-09T02:54:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;W126jep moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Morse_Code&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Morse Code (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Morse Code&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Code/Morse_Code&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;AY Honors/Code/Morse Code (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;AY Honors/Code/Morse Code&lt;/a&gt; without leaving a redirect&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:54, 9 September 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>W126jep</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=544961&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>W126jep at 02:54, 9 September 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=544961&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-09-09T02:54:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:54, 9 September 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l10&quot; &gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# long gap (between sentences)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# long gap (between sentences)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Those learning Morse are often taught to send and understand letters and other symbols at their full target speed, that is with normal relative timing of the dots, dashes and spaces within each symbol for that speed. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;Exaggerated spaces between symbols and words are used to give 'thinking time', which can be reduced with practice and familiarity. This makes the sound 'shape' of the letters and symbols easier to learn. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;This teaching method is referred to as the '''Farnsworth method'''. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;Another popular teaching method is the '''Koch method''', which uses the full target speed from the outset, but begins with just two characters. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;Once strings containing those two characters can be copied with 90% accuracy, an additional character is added, and so on until the full character set is mastered.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Those learning Morse are often taught to send and understand letters and other symbols at their full target speed, that is with normal relative timing of the dots, dashes and spaces within each symbol for that speed. Exaggerated spaces between symbols and words are used to give 'thinking time', which can be reduced with practice and familiarity. This makes the sound 'shape' of the letters and symbols easier to learn. This teaching method is referred to as the '''Farnsworth method'''. Another popular teaching method is the '''Koch method''', which uses the full target speed from the outset, but begins with just two characters. Once strings containing those two characters can be copied with 90% accuracy, an additional character is added, and so on until the full character set is mastered.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As with other lists mnemonics may be used as a memory aid. Here is a United States version based on the NATO phonetic alphabet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As with other lists mnemonics may be used as a memory aid. Here is a United States version based on the NATO phonetic alphabet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l60&quot; &gt;Line 60:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 60:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|align=center| U ||'''Uniform''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;··-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || u-ni-'''FORM''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (that's what it says!)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|align=center| U ||'''Uniform''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;··-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || u-ni-'''FORM''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (that's what it says!)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|align=center| V ||'''Victor''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;···-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || *the first 4 notes of Beethoven's 5th]] (5 is the Roman numeral V* &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|align=center| V ||'''Victor''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;···-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || *the first 4 notes of Beethoven's 5th]] (5 is the Roman numeral V*&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|align=center| W ||'''Whiskey''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·--&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || don't '''DRINK IT'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|align=center| W ||'''Whiskey''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·--&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || don't '''DRINK IT'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key PathWiki:diff::1.12:old-54893:rev-544961 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>W126jep</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=54893&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat: image renamed</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=54893&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-01-24T18:11:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;image renamed&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:11, 24 January 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Intcode&lt;/del&gt;.png|right|framed|1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;International_Morse_code&lt;/ins&gt;.png|right|framed|1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Morse code''' is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and long marks or pulses — commonly known as &amp;quot;dots&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;dashes&amp;quot; — for the letters, numerals and special characters of a message. Originally created for Samuel Morse's electric telegraph in the mid-1830s, it was also extensively used for early radio communication beginning in the 1890s. However, with the development of more advanced communications technologies, the widespread use of Morse code is now largely obsolete, apart from emergency use and other specialized purposes, including navigational radio beacons, and by CW (continuous wave) amateur radio operators. Morse code is the only digital modulation mode designed to be easily read by humans without a computer, making it appropriate for sending automated digital data in voice channels, as well as making it ideal for emergency signaling, such as by way of improvised energy sources that can be easily &amp;quot;keyed&amp;quot; such as by supplying and removing electric power (e.g. by switching a breaker on and off).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Morse code''' is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and long marks or pulses — commonly known as &amp;quot;dots&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;dashes&amp;quot; — for the letters, numerals and special characters of a message. Originally created for Samuel Morse's electric telegraph in the mid-1830s, it was also extensively used for early radio communication beginning in the 1890s. However, with the development of more advanced communications technologies, the widespread use of Morse code is now largely obsolete, apart from emergency use and other specialized purposes, including navigational radio beacons, and by CW (continuous wave) amateur radio operators. Morse code is the only digital modulation mode designed to be easily read by humans without a computer, making it appropriate for sending automated digital data in voice channels, as well as making it ideal for emergency signaling, such as by way of improvised energy sources that can be easily &amp;quot;keyed&amp;quot; such as by supplying and removing electric power (e.g. by switching a breaker on and off).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=22850&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat: 3 revisions: re-import from WB, including edit history</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=22850&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-07-05T18:49:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;3 revisions: re-import from WB, including edit history&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:49, 5 July 2012&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=917&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>SU Admin: 1 revision</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=917&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-05-16T15:49:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Intcode.png|right|framed|1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Morse code''' is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and long marks or pulses — commonly known as &amp;quot;dots&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;dashes&amp;quot; — for the letters, numerals and special characters of a message. Originally created for Samuel Morse's electric telegraph in the mid-1830s, it was also extensively used for early radio communication beginning in the 1890s. However, with the development of more advanced communications technologies, the widespread use of Morse code is now largely obsolete, apart from emergency use and other specialized purposes, including navigational radio beacons, and by CW (continuous wave) amateur radio operators. Morse code is the only digital modulation mode designed to be easily read by humans without a computer, making it appropriate for sending automated digital data in voice channels, as well as making it ideal for emergency signaling, such as by way of improvised energy sources that can be easily &amp;quot;keyed&amp;quot; such as by supplying and removing electric power (e.g. by switching a breaker on and off).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Morse code can be transmitted in a number of ways: originally as electrical pulses along a telegraph wire, but also as an audio tone, as a radio signal with short and long pulses or tones, or as a mechanical or visual signal (e.g. a flashing light). Because Morse code is transmitted using just two states — on and off — it was an early form of a digital code. International Morse code is composed of six elements:&lt;br /&gt;
# short mark, dot or 'dit' (·)&lt;br /&gt;
# longer mark, dash or 'dah' (-)&lt;br /&gt;
# intra-character gap (between the dots and dashes within a character)&lt;br /&gt;
# short gap (between letters)&lt;br /&gt;
# medium gap (between words)&lt;br /&gt;
# long gap (between sentences)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Those learning Morse are often taught to send and understand letters and other symbols at their full target speed, that is with normal relative timing of the dots, dashes and spaces within each symbol for that speed.  Exaggerated spaces between symbols and words are used to give 'thinking time', which can be reduced with practice and familiarity. This makes the sound 'shape' of the letters and symbols easier to learn.  This teaching method is referred to as the '''Farnsworth method'''.  Another popular teaching method is the '''Koch method''', which uses the full target speed from the outset, but begins with just two characters.  Once strings containing those two characters can be copied with 90% accuracy, an additional character is added, and so on until the full character set is mastered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As with other lists mnemonics may be used as a memory aid. Here is a United States version based on the NATO phonetic alphabet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Letter !!align=left| Phonetic!!align=left| Morse Code!!align=left | Mnemonic &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (explanation) &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| A || '''Alpha''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || al-'''FA''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (that's what it says!)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| B ||'''Bravo''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-···&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''YEAH!''' *clap* *clap* *clap* &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (applause)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| C ||'''Charlie''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-·-·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''CHAR'''-lie's '''AN'''-gels &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (1970s TV show)&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| D ||'''Delta''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-··&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''NEW''' or-leans &lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| E ||'''Echo''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || hey!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| F ||'''Foxtrot''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;··-·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || *step**step*'''*BRUSH*'''*step* &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (that's how you foxtrot!) &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; get a '''HAIR'''-cut&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| G ||'''Golf''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''HOLE IN''' one!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| H ||'''Hotel''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;····&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || ho-li-day-inn&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| I ||'''India''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;··&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;'''|| bom-bay&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| J ||'''Juliet''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·---&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || where-'''FORE ART THOU?'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| K ||'''Kilo''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-·-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''POUND''' for '''POUND'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| L ||'''Lima''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·-··&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || li-'''MA''' pe-ru &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (Lima is the capital city of Peru.)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| M ||'''Mike''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;'''|| '''LIKE MIKE''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (Michael Jordan advertising jingle)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| N ||'''November''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''AU'''-tumn&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| O ||'''Oscar''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;---&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''SUN-NY-DAY''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (Sesame Street theme song --as in &amp;quot;Oscar the Grouch&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| P ||'''Papa''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·--·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || of '''DOC-TOR''' good &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (from &amp;quot;Gypsies, Tramps and Thieves&amp;quot;, by Cher.)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| Q ||'''Quebec''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--·-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''A-LOU'''-et-'''TUH''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (a song sung by French Canadians) &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; '''PAYDAY''' to-'''DAY'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| R ||'''Romeo''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·-·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || ro-'''MER'''-o &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;quot;Romeo&amp;quot; in Spanish.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| S || '''Sierra''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;···&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || ne-va-da &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (the Sierra Nevada)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| T ||'''Tango''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''*DIP*''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (like holding a dip during a tango for a few seconds.)&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| U ||'''Uniform''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;··-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || u-ni-'''FORM''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (that's what it says!)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| V ||'''Victor''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;···-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || *the first 4 notes of Beethoven's 5th]] (5 is the Roman numeral V*  &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| W ||'''Whiskey''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·--&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || don't '''DRINK IT'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| X ||'''X-ray''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-··-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''ON'''-ly the '''BONES''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (that's all you see in an x-ray image.) &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| Y ||'''Yankee''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-·--&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''ON''' a '''PO-NY''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (from Yankee Doodle)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| Z ||'''Zulu''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--··&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''SHA-KA''' zu-lu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (name of famous Zulu king.)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SU Admin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=22848&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat: Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Morse Code moved to Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Morse Code:&amp;#32;not a template</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=22848&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2008-08-21T02:22:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Template:Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Morse_Code&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Morse Code (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Template:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Morse Code&lt;/a&gt; moved to &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Morse_Code&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Morse Code (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Morse Code&lt;/a&gt;: not a template&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:22, 21 August 2008&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;!-- diff cache key PathWiki:diff::1.12:old-22847:rev-22848 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=22847&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat: New page:  1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals '''Morse code''' is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and l...</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Communications/Morse_Code&amp;diff=22847&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2008-08-21T02:17:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;New page:  &lt;a href=&quot;/w/File:Intcode.png&quot; title=&quot;File:Intcode.png&quot;&gt;right|framed|1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals&lt;/a&gt; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Morse code&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and l...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Intcode.png|right|framed|1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Morse code''' is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and long marks or pulses — commonly known as &amp;quot;dots&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;dashes&amp;quot; — for the letters, numerals and special characters of a message. Originally created for Samuel Morse's electric telegraph in the mid-1830s, it was also extensively used for early radio communication beginning in the 1890s. However, with the development of more advanced communications technologies, the widespread use of Morse code is now largely obsolete, apart from emergency use and other specialized purposes, including navigational radio beacons, and by CW (continuous wave) amateur radio operators. Morse code is the only digital modulation mode designed to be easily read by humans without a computer, making it appropriate for sending automated digital data in voice channels, as well as making it ideal for emergency signaling, such as by way of improvised energy sources that can be easily &amp;quot;keyed&amp;quot; such as by supplying and removing electric power (e.g. by switching a breaker on and off).&lt;br /&gt;
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Morse code can be transmitted in a number of ways: originally as electrical pulses along a telegraph wire, but also as an audio tone, as a radio signal with short and long pulses or tones, or as a mechanical or visual signal (e.g. a flashing light). Because Morse code is transmitted using just two states — on and off — it was an early form of a digital code. International Morse code is composed of six elements:&lt;br /&gt;
# short mark, dot or 'dit' (·)&lt;br /&gt;
# longer mark, dash or 'dah' (-)&lt;br /&gt;
# intra-character gap (between the dots and dashes within a character)&lt;br /&gt;
# short gap (between letters)&lt;br /&gt;
# medium gap (between words)&lt;br /&gt;
# long gap (between sentences)&lt;br /&gt;
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Those learning Morse are often taught to send and understand letters and other symbols at their full target speed, that is with normal relative timing of the dots, dashes and spaces within each symbol for that speed.  Exaggerated spaces between symbols and words are used to give 'thinking time', which can be reduced with practice and familiarity. This makes the sound 'shape' of the letters and symbols easier to learn.  This teaching method is referred to as the '''Farnsworth method'''.  Another popular teaching method is the '''Koch method''', which uses the full target speed from the outset, but begins with just two characters.  Once strings containing those two characters can be copied with 90% accuracy, an additional character is added, and so on until the full character set is mastered.&lt;br /&gt;
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As with other lists mnemonics may be used as a memory aid. Here is a United States version based on the NATO phonetic alphabet.&lt;br /&gt;
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{| border=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Letter !!align=left| Phonetic!!align=left| Morse Code!!align=left | Mnemonic &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (explanation) &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| A || '''Alfa''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || al-'''FA''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (that's what it says!)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| B ||'''Bravo''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-···&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''YEAH!''' *clap* *clap* *clap* &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (applause)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| C ||'''Charlie''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-·-·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''CHAR'''-lie's '''AN'''-gels &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (1970s TV show)&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| D ||'''Delta''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-··&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''NEW''' or-leans &lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| E ||'''Echo''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || hey!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| F ||'''Foxtrot''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;··-·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || *step**step*'''*BRUSH*'''*step* &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (that's how you foxtrot!) &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; get a '''HAIR'''-cut&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| G ||'''Golf''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''HOLE IN''' one!&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| H ||'''Hotel''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;····&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || ho-li-day-inn&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| I ||'''India''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;··&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;'''|| bom-bay&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| J ||'''Juliet''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·---&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || where-'''FORE ART THOU?'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| K ||'''Kilo''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-·-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''POUND''' for '''POUND'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| L ||'''Lima''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·-··&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || li-'''MA''' pe-ru &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (Lima is the capital city of Peru.)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| M ||'''Mike''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;'''|| '''LIKE MIKE''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (Michael Jordan advertising jingle)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| N ||'''November''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''AU'''-tumn&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| O ||'''Oscar''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;---&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''SUN-NY-DAY''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (Sesame Street theme song --as in &amp;quot;Oscar the Grouch&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| P ||'''Papa''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·--·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || of '''DOC-TOR''' good &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (from &amp;quot;Gypsies, Tramps and Thieves&amp;quot;, by Cher.)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| Q ||'''Quebec''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--·-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''A-LOU'''-et-'''TUH''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (a song sung by French Canadians) &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; '''PAYDAY''' to-'''DAY'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| R ||'''Romeo''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·-·&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || ro-'''MER'''-o &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;quot;Romeo&amp;quot; in Spanish.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| S || '''Sierra''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;···&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || ne-va-da &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (the Sierra Nevada)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| T ||'''Tango''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''*DIP*''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (like holding a dip during a tango for a few seconds.)&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| U ||'''Uniform''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;··-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || u-ni-'''FORM''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (that's what it says!)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| V ||'''Victor''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;···-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || *the first 4 notes of Beethoven's 5th]] (5 is the Roman numeral V*  &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| W ||'''Whiskey''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;·--&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || don't '''DRINK IT'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| X ||'''X-ray''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-··-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''ON'''-ly the '''BONES''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (that's all you see in an x-ray image.) &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| Y ||'''Yankee''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-·--&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''ON''' a '''PO-NY''' &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (from Yankee Doodle)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=center| Z ||'''Zulu''' ||'''&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;--··&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;''' || '''SHA-KA''' zu-lu &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (name of famous Zulu king.)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
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