AY Honors/Ferns/Answer Key - Revision history

W126jep: - Category of AYHAB

2022-07-14T17:39:34Z

- Category of AYHAB

W126jep at 15:54, 12 April 2021

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Jomegat bot: Jomegat bot moved page Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Ferns to AY Honors/Ferns/Answer Key: Bot: Moved page

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2015-07-30T18:46:13Z

- Completed Honors category

Jomegat at 03:12, 10 March 2015

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 <!-- 1. How are ferns different from flowering plants or trees?  -->
 Flowering plants (including trees) produce seeds, while ferns produce spores. A chief difference between spores and seeds is that spores have very little stored food resources compared with seeds, and thus require more favorable conditions in order to successfully germinate. Seeds, therefore, are more resistant to harsh conditions and require less energy. Spores are usually produced in large numbers to increase the chances of survival.
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 <!-- 2. Where is the true stem of a fern? What part grows above the ground? What is the most favorable environment in which ferns grow?  -->
 The ''true'' stem of a fern grows underground.  All of the above-ground parts of a fern are known collectively as the ''frond''.  The part of the frond that looks like a stem is called the ''rachis'' (pronounced '''RAY'''-kiss).
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 Ferns have a popular image of growing in moist, shady woodland nooks, but the reality is far more complex. Ferns grow in a wide variety of habitats, ranging from remote mountain elevations to dry desert rock faces to bodies of water to open fields. Ferns in general may be thought of as largely being specialists in marginal habitats, often succeeding in places where various environmental delimiters limit the success of flowering plants. On the other hand, some ferns are among the world's most serious weed species, such as the bracken growing in the British highlands, or the mosquito fern (Azolla) growing in tropical lakes. There are four particular types of habitats that are often key places to find ferns: the afore-mentioned moist, shady forest cove; the sheltered rock face, especially when sheltered from the full sun; acid bogs and swamps; and tropical trees, where many species are epiphytes (an organism that grows upon or attached to a living plant).
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 <!-- 3. How do ferns reproduce? Locate and describe three kinds of sori (from three kinds of ferns).  -->
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 Fern reproduction involves some big words, but we will break them down for you as they are introduced.  There are two generations in a fern's lifecycle, the ''diploid generation'', and the ''haploid generation''.  The diploid generation has a full complement of genetic material, while the haploid generation has only half the genetic material.
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 ;Onoclea: The sori of the ''onoclea'' genus are clustered like beads or grapes on the upright fertile fronds, hence the common name ''Bead fern''.
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 <!-- 4. How do spores travel from the parent plant to a new location? How long does it take a spore to develop into a mature plant? Observe from live ferns or pictures how a young fern is different from an adult fern.  -->
 Spores are stored by the fern in tiny cases called ''sporangia''.  These spore cases are massed together into a ''sorus'' (plural ''sori'') which is visible to the naked eye on the underside of a fertile frond (not all fronds are fertile).  The spore case is encircled by a ring consisting of a single layer of cells called an ''annulus''.  This ring goes almost all the way around the spore case.  As the spore case dries out, it becomes brittle until it finally splits open.  Since the ring is stronger than the rest of the spore case, it slowly pulls the case open.  When water tension is released, the ring suddenly snaps, throwing spores out away from the fern at great speed.  Because spores are so tiny (invisible to the naked eye), even the slightest breeze will carry them great distances.
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 <!-- 5. Know the medicinal uses of three ferns.  -->
 ;Adiantum aleuticum (Western Maidenhair Fern): Frond tea is used to strengthen mucosal membranes, treat coughs, throat congestion, and respiratory irritation caused by air pollution.
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 * for autoimmune disorders
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 <!-- 6. Draw or photograph ten kinds of ferns and properly identify them.  -->
 We present here ten ferns that you may wish to carefully draw.  If you set out to photograph or draw ferns in the field, you will need a good field guide to properly identify them.
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 <!-- 7. In addition to the common ferns there are fernlike plants known as club mosses and horsetails. Be able to recognize two club mosses and one horsetail. How are they similar to ferns?  -->
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 {{IAConnection|[[Investiture_Achievement/Explorer/Nature_Study|WILDERNESS EXPLORER Nature Study]]|(as one of two options) completing Requirement 6 of this Honor|Therefore this Honor is a popular choice for the Skill Level 2 or 3 Nature Honor required for WILDERNESS EXPLORER.}}

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AY Honors/Ferns/Answer Key - Revision history

W126jep: - Category of AYHAB

W126jep at 15:54, 12 April 2021

Jomegat bot: Bot: Automated import of articles *** existing text overwritten ***

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W126jep: Marked this version for translation

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W126jep: - Completed Honors category

Jomegat at 03:12, 10 March 2015

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