AY Honors/Glass Craft/Answer Key - Revision history

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BoisSar at 18:11, 26 July 2021

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 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass
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-There are a variety of ways to make a picture with glass. Some people arrange beach glass in a frame, gluing the pieces down. Some people melt glass together (Color Me Mine now offers this kind of project). You might like to try stained glass. Pinterest is a great place to search for ideas. Here we provide instructions for one style pf project.
+There are a variety of ways to make a picture with glass. Some people arrange beach glass in a frame, gluing the pieces down. Some people melt glass together (Color Me Mine now offers this kind of project). You might like to try stained glass. Pinterest is a great place to search for ideas. Here we provide instructions for one style of project.
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 <!-- 1. Name ten kinds of glass. -->
 It is sufficient to merely name these. We present a little more information about them though, as that makes the list more ''meaningful''.
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 ;Chalcogenide glasses: The modern technological applications of chalcogenide glasses are widespread specifically as moldable infrared optics including lenses, and infrared optical fibers as these materials transmit across the full range of the infrared spectrum. The physical properties of chalcogenide glasses (High refractive index, low phonon energy) also make them ideal for incorporation into laser and other active devices when doped with rare earth ions.
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 <!-- 2. Know what kind of glass is used for furniture, cloth insulation, airplanes, and automobiles. -->
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 '''Sol-Gel glass''' can be used as a protective coating on certain solar collectors or as an insulating material. It is also used to make short, thick tubes that are drawn into optical fibers. To make Sol-Gel glass, workers dissolve the ingredients in a liquid. They then heat the liquid. The liquid evaporates, leaving behind small particles of glass. Heating these particles fuses (joins) them to form a solid piece of glass. The temperatures involved in Sol-Gel processes are often lower than those needed to make ordinary glass.
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 <!-- 3. Prepare at least three colors of glass for picture making. -->
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 See the steps in the next requirement. The glass work will be more interesting if you use multiple colors. Clear and white are colors too. Consider thrift stores as a source of cheap colored glass.
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 ;Step 6. Fill in all the spaces between the pieces of glass with grout: Take the grout and be sure to fill every space completely. If the glass is still sharp, you will need to wear rubber dishwashing gloves to protect your hands. Once the spaces are all filled, you can use a damp towel to remove the grout from the tops of the pieces of glass. Once your glass mosaic is finished, be sure to let the glue and grout set for a while before using the piece, particularly if it is a table or a window hanging.
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 <!-- 5. Write a 300-word report or give a three-minute oral report on the history of glass and how glass is made. -->
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 The Venetian ability to produce this superior form of glass resulted in a trade advantage over other glass producing lands. Murano’s reputation as a center for glassmaking was born when the Venetian Republic, fearing fire might burn down the city’s mostly wood buildings, ordered glassmakers to move their foundries to Murano in 1291. Murano's glassmakers were soon the island’s most prominent citizens. Glassmakers were not allowed to leave the Republic. Many took a risk and set up glass furnaces in surrounding cities and as far afield as England and the Netherlands.
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-<!-- 1. Name ten kinds of glass.  -->
+<!-- 1. Name ten kinds of glass. -->
-It is sufficient to merely name these.  We present a little more information about them though, as that makes the list more ''meaningful''.
+It is sufficient to merely name these. We present a little more information about them though, as that makes the list more ''meaningful''.
 ;Soda-lime glass: Soda-lime glass, also called soda-lime-silica glass, is the most prevalent type of glass, used for windowpanes, and glass containers (bottles and jars) for beverages, food, and some commodity items. Glass bakeware is often made of tempered soda-lime glass.
-;Borosilicate glass: Borosilicate glass is a type of glass well known for having very low coefficient of thermal expansion, making them resistant to thermal shock, more so than any other common glass.  Borosilicate glass was first developed by German glassmaker Otto Schott in the late 19th century and sold under the brand name "Duran" in 1893. After Corning Glass Works introduced Pyrex in 1915, it became a synonym for borosilicate glass in the English-speaking world.
+;Borosilicate glass: Borosilicate glass is a type of glass well known for having very low coefficient of thermal expansion, making them resistant to thermal shock, more so than any other common glass. Borosilicate glass was first developed by German glassmaker Otto Schott in the late 19th century and sold under the brand name "Duran" in 1893. After Corning Glass Works introduced Pyrex in 1915, it became a synonym for borosilicate glass in the English-speaking world.
-;Acrylic glass:  Acrylic glass is a transparent thermoplastic. It is sold under many trade names, including Policril, Plexiglas, Gavrieli, Vitroflex, Limacryl, R-Cast, Per-Clax, Perspex, Plazcryl, Acrylex, Acrylite, Acrylplast, Altuglas, Polycast, Oroglass, Optix and Lucite and is commonly called acrylic, perspex or plexiglas.
+;Acrylic glass: Acrylic glass is a transparent thermoplastic. It is sold under many trade names, including Policril, Plexiglas, Gavrieli, Vitroflex, Limacryl, R-Cast, Per-Clax, Perspex, Plazcryl, Acrylex, Acrylite, Acrylplast, Altuglas, Polycast, Oroglass, Optix and Lucite and is commonly called acrylic, perspex or plexiglas.
 ;Sugar glass: Sugar glass (also called candy glass and breakaway glass) is an edible mixture of sugar, corn syrup and water, which has the appearance of glass when hardened for a limited time before warping and melting. It is used in stunt sequences of television and film in the place of real glass, as it breaks more easily and is less dangerous than real glass. Sugar glass must be used soon after hardening or it loses its effect.
-;Isinglass (Muscovy-glass):  Muscovite (also known as Common mica, Isinglass, or Potash mica) is a phyllosilicate mineral of aluminium and potassium.
+;Isinglass (Muscovy-glass): Muscovite (also known as Common mica, Isinglass, or Potash mica) is a phyllosilicate mineral of aluminium and potassium.
-;Aluminium oxynitride: Aluminium oxynitride (AlON) is a transparent ceramic composed of aluminium, oxygen and nitrogen. It is marketed under the name ALON. The material remains solid up to 1,200 °C (2,190 °F), and is harder than glass. When formed and polished as a window, the material costs about US$10 to US$15 per square inch (~ US$20,000/m²).  It is currently the crucial outer layer of experimental transparent armor being considered by the US Air Force for the windows of armored vehicles.
+;Aluminium oxynitride: Aluminium oxynitride (AlON) is a transparent ceramic composed of aluminium, oxygen and nitrogen. It is marketed under the name ALON. The material remains solid up to 1,200 °C (2,190 °F), and is harder than glass. When formed and polished as a window, the material costs about US$10 to US$15 per square inch (~ US$20,000/m²). It is currently the crucial outer layer of experimental transparent armor being considered by the US Air Force for the windows of armored vehicles.
-;Fluoride glasses: Fluoride glass is a class of non-oxide optical glasses composed of fluorides of various metals.  Heavy metal fluoride glasses (HMFG) are composed of heavy metal fluorides. They are very clear, but also are difficult to manufacture, are fragile, and have poor resistance to moisture and other environmental attacks.
+;Fluoride glasses: Fluoride glass is a class of non-oxide optical glasses composed of fluorides of various metals. Heavy metal fluoride glasses (HMFG) are composed of heavy metal fluorides. They are very clear, but also are difficult to manufacture, are fragile, and have poor resistance to moisture and other environmental attacks.
 ;Aluminosilicates: Aluminosilicate minerals are minerals composed of aluminium, silicon, and oxygen. They are a major component of kaolin and other clay minerals.
-;Phosphate glasses: Phosphate glass is a class of optical glasses composed of metaphosphates of various metals. Instead of SiO2 in silicate glasses, the glass forming substrate is P2O5.  Phosphate glasses can be advantageous over silica glasses for optical fibers.
+;Phosphate glasses: Phosphate glass is a class of optical glasses composed of metaphosphates of various metals. Instead of SiO2 in silicate glasses, the glass forming substrate is P2O5. Phosphate glasses can be advantageous over silica glasses for optical fibers.
 ;Chalcogenide glasses: The modern technological applications of chalcogenide glasses are widespread specifically as moldable infrared optics including lenses, and infrared optical fibers as these materials transmit across the full range of the infrared spectrum. The physical properties of chalcogenide glasses (High refractive index, low phonon energy) also make them ideal for incorporation into laser and other active devices when doped with rare earth ions.
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-See the steps in the next requirement. The glass work will be more interesting if you use multiple colors.  Clear and white are colors too. Consider thrift stores as a source of cheap colored glass.
+See the steps in the next requirement. The glass work will be more interesting if you use multiple colors. Clear and white are colors too. Consider thrift stores as a source of cheap colored glass.
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-<!-- 4. Know the steps in making a picture with glass, and complete such a picture, using at least three colors.  -->
+<!-- 4. Know the steps in making a picture with glass, and complete such a picture, using at least three colors. -->
 <!--T:33-->
-There are a variety of ways to make a picture with glass. Some people arrange beach glass in a frame, gluing the pieces down. Some people melt glass together (Color Me Mine now offers this kind of project). You might like to try stained glass.  Pinterist is a great place to search for ideas.  Here we provide instructions for one style pf project.
+There are a variety of ways to make a picture with glass. Some people arrange beach glass in a frame, gluing the pieces down. Some people melt glass together (Color Me Mine now offers this kind of project). You might like to try stained glass. Pinterest is a great place to search for ideas. Here we provide instructions for one style pf project.
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+<!-- 5. Write a 300-word report or give a three-minute oral report on the history of glass and how glass is made. -->
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-Stained glass was also first produced by Muslim architects in Southwest Asia using colored glass rather than stone.  In the 8th century, the Arab chemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) scientifically described 46 original recipes for producing colored glass in Kitab al-Durra al-Maknuna (The Book of the Hidden Pearl), in addition to 12 recipes inserted by al-Marrakishi in a later edition of the book.
+Stained glass was also first produced by Muslim architects in Southwest Asia using colored glass rather than stone. In the 8th century, the Arab chemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) scientifically described 46 original recipes for producing colored glass in Kitab al-Durra al-Maknuna (The Book of the Hidden Pearl), in addition to 12 recipes inserted by al-Marrakishi in a later edition of the book.
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 ==References==
 Ahmad Y Hassan, Assessment of Kitab al-Durra al-Maknuna, History of Science and Technology in Islam.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass

AY Honors/Glass Craft/Answer Key - Revision history

W126jep: - Category of AYHAB

BoisSar at 18:11, 26 July 2021

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

W126jep at 19:14, 27 April 2021

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