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Macramé, the modern art of decorating with knots, is believed to have originated with 13th-century Arab weavers. These artisans knotted the excess thread and yarn along the edges of hand-loomed fabrics into decorative fringes on bath towels, shawls, and veils. The word macramé is derived from the Arabic migramah (مقرمة), believed to mean "striped towel", "ornamental fringe" or "embroidered veil." After the Moorish conquest, the art was taken to Spain, and then spread through Europe. It was first introduced into England by Kathleen Koons at the court of Queen Mary, the wife of William of Orange, in the late 17th century.

Sailors made macramé objects at sea, and sold and bartered them when they landed, thus spreading the art to places like China and the New World. Macramé remained a popular pastime with 19th- century British and American seamen, who called it square knotting after the knot they most preferred in making hammocks, bell fringes, and belts.

Macramé reached its zenith in the Victorian era. Sylvia's Book of Macramé Lace, a favorite at that time, urged its readers "to work rich trimmings for black and coloured costumes, both for home wear, garden parties, seaside ramblings, and balls- fairylike adornments for household and underlinens ..." Few Victorian homes went unadorned.

While the craze for macramé waned in later years, it is now popular again, for making wall hangings, articles of clothing, bedspreads, small jean shorts, tablecloths, draperies, plant hangers and other furnishings.

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Cotton seine twine is recommended for the beginner because with this material, the patterns are easier to see and the knots are easy to tighten.

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Common materials used in macramé include cotton twine, hemp, leather or yarn.

;Cotton twine: Soft, flexible, easy to obtain, cheap
;Hemp: Very strong, easily acquired, natural look
;Leather: Strong, stiff, doesn't fray
;Yarn: Various colors, cheap, flexible

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===Overhand Knots===

{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Overhand}}
{| border=0 width=100%
|-
|[[File:Macrame overhand.jpg|thumb|250px|Overhand knot]]
|[[File:Macrame overhand on anchor.jpg|thumb|250px|Overhand knot tied onto an anchor]]
|-
|[[File:Macrame multiple overhand.jpg|thumb|250px|Multiple overhand knot]]
|}

===Square Knots===
{{:Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Knot/Square}}
{| border=0 width=100%
|-
|[[File:Macrame square knot.jpg|thumb|250px|Square knot]]
|[[File:Macrame double knot.jpg|thumb|250px|Double knot]]
|}

===Half Hitches===
{| border=0 width=100%
|-
|[[File:Macrame half hitch left.jpg|thumb|250px|Half hitch with loop to the left]]
|[[File:Macrame half hitch right.jpg|thumb|250px|Half hitch with loop to the right]]
|-
|[[File:Macrame alternating half hitch.jpg|thumb|250px|Alternating half hitches]]
|}
===Clove Hitches===
{{:Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Knot/Clove_hitch}}
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Constrictor}}
{| border=0 width=100%
|-
|[[File:Macrame clove hitch left.jpg|thumb|250px|Clove hitch with loops to the left]]
|[[File:Macrame clove hitch right.jpg|thumb|250px|Clove hitch with loops to the right]]
|-
|[[File:Macrame clove hitch upwards.jpg|thumb|250px|Clove hitch with loops up]]
|-
|[[File:Macrame clove hitch horizontal.jpg|thumb|250px|Clove hitch on a horizontal anchor]]
|[[File:Macrame clove hitch vertical.jpg|thumb|250px|Clove hitch on a vertical anchor]]
|}

===Lark's Heads===
{| border=0 width=100%
|-
|[[File:Macrame larks head.jpg|thumb|250px|Lark's head]]
|[[File:Macrame reverse larks head.jpg|thumb|250px|Reverse Lark's head]]
|}
===Single Hitches===
{| border=0 width=100%
|-
|[[File:Macrame single hitch left.jpg|thumb|250px|Single hitch, left-handed]]
|[[File:Macrame single hitch right.jpg|thumb|250px|Single hitch, right-handed]]
|}

===Macramé Knots===
{| border=0 width=100%
|-
|[[File:Macrame left hand knot.jpg|thumb|250px|Left-hand macramé knot]]
|[[File:Macrame right hand knot.jpg|thumb|250px|Right-hand macramé knot]]
|-
|[[File:Macrame one and a half.jpg|thumb|250px|One-and-a-half macramé knots]]
|[[File:Macrame right hand spiral.jpg|thumb|250px|Right-hand spiral knot]]
|}
===Josephine Knots===
{| border=0 width=100%
|-
|[[File:Macrame josephine.jpg|thumb|250px|Josephine knot]]
|[[File:Macrame whale knot.jpg|thumb|250px|Whale knot]]
|}

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Overhand knots can be used to tie two cords together at the bottom of a piece, to fasten a cord to a bead or pearl, or to serve as a decorative knot in the pattern.

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The length of cord needed for a finished product is directly dependent on the types of knots used. It also depends on how much knotting is done on a given cord. Anchor cords will have fewer (if any) knots compared to working cords. A general rule of thumb is to allow yourself five times more cord than the length of the product. A better guideline is to experiment. Tie a short section (at least a couple of inches (10 cm) long). Measure it, and then untie it and measure the amount of cord used. If 2 inches of your sample required 12 inches of cord, you will need six times as much cord.

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You will want to search the internet or check books for patterns. Have fun on the practical part of the Honor.

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See knots above. Have fun creating.

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==References==

#[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macram%C3%A9 Wikipedia]
#[http://www.free-macrame-patterns.com/ free macrame patterns]
#[http://www.wikihow.com/Macrame Good moving pictures of how to do this craft]
#[http://pinterest.com/macradabra/macrame-projects/ Pinterest Page of projects]
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 #[http://pinterest.com/macradabra/macrame-projects/ Pinterest Page of projects]
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AY Honors/Macramé/Answer Key/en - Revision history

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