AY Honors/Oceans/Answer Key - Revision history

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

2022-03-27T15:42:46Z

Marked this version for translation

W126jep: + Zoo Visit template

2022-03-09T16:06:24Z

+ Zoo Visit template

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

2022-03-09T00:38:24Z

Marked this version for translation

W126jep at 00:35, 9 March 2022

2022-03-09T00:35:00Z

Jomegat: formatting

2022-03-05T00:55:20Z

formatting

Jomegat: more clarity! (I hope)

2022-03-05T00:42:10Z

more clarity! (I hope)

Jomegat: Add an accurate description of the tides

2022-03-05T00:30:52Z

Add an accurate description of the tides

W126jep: Marked this version for translation

2022-03-04T17:58:26Z

Marked this version for translation

Show changes

Jomegat: Remove incorrect info. See Stars - Advanced for an accurate description. I'll add it in later.

2022-03-03T04:32:13Z

Remove incorrect info. See Stars - Advanced for an accurate description. I'll add it in later.

W126jep at 22:58, 2 March 2022

2022-03-02T22:58:24Z

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 <!-- b. Visit a zoo or aquarium that has an ocean exhibit. Think about which oceanic zones the creatures you see would live in. -->
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 The high tide occurs twice per day, as does the low tide.  These tides are caused by the way the moon's gravity acts differently on the rigid parts of the earth as compared to how it acts on the oceans.  Since the earth is rigid (except for the large bodies of water that experience tides), the pull of the moon's gravity acts on the entire planet evenly - as if all of the gravitational force were applied to the earth's center.  Thus, the equations relating gravity's force to distance work as if the distance were from the center of the earth, not as if it were on any point on the surface.  But the oceans are different.  Since they are fluid, and not rigid, the moon's pull acts as though each molecule of water were independent.  So gravity acts on the ocean relative to the distance between the moon and the earth's surface (where the oceans are) and not the distance between the moon and the center of the earth.
 As the earth rotates, a given point on the earth (such as a seashore) gets nearer and nearer to the moon until it is as close to the moon as it will get on that day.  When this happens, the gravitational pull on the ocean is at its greatest (since the force of gravity increases as distance decreases).  Since the ocean is closer to the moon than the center of the earth, it pulls harder on the ocean, and this causes the ocean to rise up. That causes a high tide.
 The earth continues to rotate, and our point on the seashore is soon getting farther and farther from the moon causing the tide to recede (i.e., we experience a low tide).  When the earth rotates our seashore to 90 degrees relative to the moon the pull on the rigid earth is abut the same as it is on the center of the earth since the distances are about the same. But then as the earth continues to rotate a remarkable thing happens - the tide begins to rise again even though the seashore is getting farther from the moon. When it rotates to 180 degrees relative to the moon, the seashore is at its farthest distance from the moon on that day, and we get ''another'' high tide!  How does this happen?  Isn't the pull of the moon on the ocean at its weakest then?  Yes, but the pull on the rigid parts of the plant is stronger than the pull on the ocean.
 Therefore, when the ocean is on the opposite side of the earth relative to the moon, it is farther away, and the moon does indeed pull on it less than when the ocean is nearest the moon.  But the moon is pulling at the rigid part of the earth's center which is ''closer'' to the moon, with the effect that the moon is pulling on the rigid portion with more force than it is pulling on the more distant ocean.  In other words, we get a second high tide each day when the ocean is farthest from the moon because the moon is pulling the earth away from its ocean.
 ;Neap tides and Spring tides:
 [[File:Tide_schematic.svg]]
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 Neap and spring tides describe the difference between the low tide and the high tide.  When the high tide is very high and the low tide is very low on the same day, we have a spring tide.  When the high tide is less high and the low tide is less low, it's a neap tide.  We get two neap tides and two spring tides each month, because they are influenced by the phase of the moon (which is controlled by the relative position of the earth, sun, and moon).
 The sun affects the tides in the same way that the moon does, but the sun has a much lesser pull on the oceans than the moon does, because it is much farther away, and therefore the effect is much smaller.  But it does have an effect, which is what accounts for the  the neap and spring tides.  When the sun and moon are 90 degrees apart, they do not work together to reinforce the tidal effect.  One of them will be trying to cause a high tide, and the other will be trying to cause a low tide, so the high tide is not as high, and the low tide is not as low (a neap tide).  When the sun, moon, and earth are in a straight line, they ''do'' work together to make the high tides higher, and the low tides lower, thus giving us the spring tide.  Therefore, we get a spring tide when we have a new moon (when the moon and sun are both on the same side of the earth) and when we have a full moon (when the sun and moon are on opposite sides of the earth).  The neap tides occur at the first quarter moon and three quarter moon.
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 <!-- b. What is the salinity of the ocean? -->
-The salinity of the ocean is, on average, around 35 parts per thousand(ppt). This means that for every liter of water there are 35 grams of salt.
+The salinity of the ocean is, on average, around 35 parts per thousand (ppt). This means that for every liter of water there are 35 grams of salt.
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 [[File:Tide_schematic.svg]]
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- Neap and spring tides describe the difference between the low tide and the high tide.  When the high tide is very high and the low tide is very low on the same day, we have a spring tide.  When the high tide is less high and the low tide is less low, it's a neap tide.  We get two neap tides and two spring tides each month, because they are influenced by the phase of the moon (which is controlled by the relative position of the earth, sun, and moon).
+Neap and spring tides describe the difference between the low tide and the high tide.  When the high tide is very high and the low tide is very low on the same day, we have a spring tide.  When the high tide is less high and the low tide is less low, it's a neap tide.  We get two neap tides and two spring tides each month, because they are influenced by the phase of the moon (which is controlled by the relative position of the earth, sun, and moon).
 The sun affects the tides in the same way that the moon does, but the sun has a much lesser pull on the oceans than the moon does, because it is much farther away, and therefore the effect is much smaller.  But it does have an effect, which is what accounts for the  the neap and spring tides.  When the sun and moon are 90 degrees apart, they do not work together to reinforce the tidal effect.  One of them will be trying to cause a high tide, and the other will be trying to cause a low tide, so the high tide is not as high, and the low tide is not as low (a neap tide).  When the sun, moon, and earth are in a straight line, they ''do'' work together to make the high tides higher, and the low tides lower, thus giving us the spring tide.  Therefore, we get a spring tide when we have a new moon (when the moon and sun are both on the same side of the earth) and when we have a full moon (when the sun and moon are on opposite sides of the earth).  The neap tides occur at the first quarter moon and three quarter moon.

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 <!-- a. What causes tides? -->
-The gravitational pull of the sun or the moon.
+Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon, and to a lesser extent by the pull of the sun.
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 <!-- b. Describe the following types of tides: neap tides, spring tides, high tide, and low tide. -->
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-<u>High tide</u>:
+;High tide and Low tide:
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 <!-- b. Describe the following types of tides: neap tides, spring tides, high tide, and low tide. -->
-<u>Neap tides</u>: Occur when the gravitational pulls from the sun and moon are working against each other causing a weak tide. Neap tides occur at quarter moons.
+<u>Neap tides</u>:
-<u>Spring tides</u>: Occur when the gravitational pulls from the sun and moon are reinforcing each other causing a strong tide. Spring tides occur during full and new moons.
+<u>High tide</u>:
-<u>High tide</u>: The moon’s gravitational pull causes the water to bulge on the side closest to the moon. These bulges are high tide.
+<u>Low tide</u>:
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 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2cii|dispreq=ii}}
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-<!-- ii. Sprout seven beans in a container and another seven in another container. Water one with fresh water and the other with salt water solution you have mixed. Evaluate the growth after seven days. -->
+<!-- ii. Sprout seven beans in a container and another seven in another container. Water one with fresh water and the other with saltwater solution you have mixed. Evaluate the growth after seven days. -->
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+{{CloseReq}} <!-- 2cii -->
 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 2c -->
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 {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6c}}
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-<!-- c. Define the Coriolis Effect. -->
+<!-- c. What dangers do tides present? -->
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 <!-- 10. Be able to identify at least two organisms from each kingdom (Animal, Plant, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea, and Algae) that live in the ocean. -->
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 {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 -->