AY Honors/Shorthand/Answer Key/es - Revision history

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Created page with "</noinclude> ==Nota histórica== ''Taquigrafía'' fue introducida en 1929, descontinuada en 1956 y reintroducida en 1985. ==Referencias== <noinclude>"

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	<!-- 2. Disponer de un diccionario de taquigrafía (por lo general proporcionado por editoriales). -->		<!-- 2. Disponer de un diccionario de taquigrafía (por lo general proporcionado por editoriales). -->

	~~<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~		{{clear}}
	You will need something like [http://amzn.to/10ButRy The GREGG Shorthand Manual Simplified] and a good [http://amzn.to/Ypkv9y shorthand dictionary] which is easily bought new or used on Amazon. This skill is not that common any more so don't expect to find the books in a regular bookstore.
	~~</div>~~

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	</noinclude>		==Nota histórica==
	==~~Historical Notes~~==		''Taquigrafía'' fue introducida en 1929, descontinuada en 1956 y reintroducida en 1985.
	''~~Shorthand~~'' ~~was introduced in~~ 1929, ~~discontinued in~~ 1956~~, and reintroduced in 1986~~.		==Referencias==
	==~~References~~==		<noinclude></noinclude>
	* Wikipedia article on [[w:Gregg shorthand\|Gregg Shorthand]]
	<noinclude>
	~~</div~~></noinclude>
	[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book\|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]		[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book\|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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	{{ansreq\|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}\|2\|1}}\|num=2}}		{{ansreq\|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}\|2\|1}}\|num=2}}
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	~~<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~		{{clear}}
	Another mechanism for increasing the speed of shorthand is phrasing. Based on the calculation that lifting the pen between words has a speed cost equivalent to one stroke, phrasing is the combination of several smaller distinct forms into one outline, for example "it may be that the" could be written in one outline, "(tm)ab(th)a(th)". "I have not been able" would be written, "avnba" (Note that to the eye of the reader this phrase written in shorthand looks like "I-have-not-been-able", and so phrasing is far more legible than a longhand explanation of the principle may lead one to believe).
	~~</div>~~

	~~<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~		{{clear}}
	The vowels in Gregg shorthand are divided into three main groups that very rarely require further notation. The ''a'' is a large circle, and can stand for the ''a'' in "apple", "father", and "ache". The ''e'' is a small circle, and can stand for the ''e'' in ''feed'' and ''help'', the ''i'' in ''trim'' and ''marine'', and the obscure vowel in ''her'' and ''learn''. The ''ī'' represents the ''i'' in ''fine''. The ''o'' is a small hook that represents the ''al'' in ''talk'', the ''o'' in ''cone'', ''jot'', and ''order''. The ''u'' is a tiny hook that expresses the three vowel sounds heard in the words ''who'', ''up'', and ''foot''. It also expresses a ''w'' at the beginning of a word.
	~~</div>~~

	~~<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~		{{clear}}
	There are special vowel markings for certain diphthongs (two-sound vowels). The ow in ''how'' is just an ''a'' circle followed by a ''u'' hook. The ''io'' in ''lion'' is written with a small circle inside a large circle. The ''ia'' in ''piano'' and ''repudiate'' is notated as a large circle with a dot in its center. The ''u'' in ''united'' is notated with a small circle followed by an ''u'' hook above it.
	~~</div>~~

	~~<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~		{{clear}}
	Due to the very simple alphabet, Gregg shorthand is very fast in writing. It takes a great deal of practice, however, to master it. Speeds of 280 WPM (where a word is 1.4 syllables) have been reached with this simple system before, and those notes are still legible to anyone else who knows the system.
	~~</div>~~

	~~<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~		{{clear}}
	~~[[Image:Eclectic shorthand by cross.png\|right]]~~
	~~This is the Lord's Prayer written in several forms of shorthand. Gregg's is first (although it is an older version) followed by several others.~~
	~~</div>~~

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	</noinclude>		<!-- 2. Disponer de un diccionario de taquigrafía (por lo general proporcionado por editoriales).
	<!-- 2. ~~Have available a shorthand dictionary~~ (~~usually provided by course publishers~~). -->		-->
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	~~<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~		{{clear}}
	Gregg Shorthand is a phonetic writing system, which means it records the sounds of the speaker, not the English spelling. It uses the ''f'' stroke for the ''f'' sound in ''funnel'', ''telephone'', and ''laugh''. All silent letters are omitted. The image on the right shows the strokes of Gregg Shorthand Simplified. The sounds are represented in this image by the ''International Phonetic Alphabet''. The system is written from left to right and the letters are joined.
	~~</div>~~

	~~<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~		{{clear}}
	*''Sh'' (and ''zh''), ''Ch'', and ''J'' (or ''Dzh'') are written downward.
	*''T'' and ''d'' are written upward.
	*''X'' is expressed by putting a slight backward slant on the ''s'', though the word beginning ''ex'' is just written ''es''.
	*''W'', when in the middle of a word, is notated with a short dash under the next vowel.
	*''Q'' is usually a ''k'' with a dash underneath the next vowel.
	~~</div>~~

	~~<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">~~		{{clear}}
	Many of the letters shown are also what are called "brief forms". For instance, "which" is written as ''ch''. These brief forms are shown on the image to the right. There are several others not shown, however. For instance, "please" is written as simply ''pl'', and "govern" as ''gv''. These brief forms can make Gregg Shorthand much faster.
	~~</div>~~

	<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">		<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Gregg Shorthand is a phonetic writing system, which means it records the sounds of the speaker, not the English spelling. It uses the ''f'' stroke for the ''f'' sound in ''funnel'', ''telephone'', and ''laugh''. All silent letters are omitted. The image on the right shows the strokes of Gregg Shorthand Simplified. The sounds are represented in this image by the ''International Phonetic Alphabet''. The system is written from left to right and the letters are joined.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
*''Sh'' (and ''zh''), ''Ch'', and ''J'' (or ''Dzh'') are written downward.
*''T'' and ''d'' are written upward.
*''X'' is expressed by putting a slight backward slant on the ''s'', though the word beginning ''ex'' is just written ''es''.
*''W'', when in the middle of a word, is notated with a short dash under the next vowel.
*''Q'' is usually a ''k'' with a dash underneath the next vowel.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Many of the letters shown are also what are called "brief forms". For instance, "which" is written as ''ch''. These brief forms are shown on the image to the right. There are several others not shown, however. For instance, "please" is written as simply ''pl'', and "govern" as ''gv''. These brief forms can make Gregg Shorthand much faster.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Another mechanism for increasing the speed of shorthand is phrasing. Based on the calculation that lifting the pen between words has a speed cost equivalent to one stroke, phrasing is the combination of several smaller distinct forms into one outline, for example "it may be that the" could be written in one outline, "(tm)ab(th)a(th)". "I have not been able" would be written, "avnba" (Note that to the eye of the reader this phrase written in shorthand looks like "I-have-not-been-able", and so phrasing is far more legible than a longhand explanation of the principle may lead one to believe).
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The vowels in Gregg shorthand are divided into three main groups that very rarely require further notation. The ''a'' is a large circle, and can stand for the ''a'' in "apple", "father", and "ache". The ''e'' is a small circle, and can stand for the ''e'' in ''feed'' and ''help'', the ''i'' in ''trim'' and ''marine'', and the obscure vowel in ''her'' and ''learn''. The ''ī'' represents the ''i'' in ''fine''. The ''o'' is a small hook that represents the ''al'' in ''talk'', the ''o'' in ''cone'', ''jot'', and ''order''. The ''u'' is a tiny hook that expresses the three vowel sounds heard in the words ''who'', ''up'', and ''foot''. It also expresses a ''w'' at the beginning of a word.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
There are special vowel markings for certain diphthongs (two-sound vowels). The ow in ''how'' is just an ''a'' circle followed by a ''u'' hook. The ''io'' in ''lion'' is written with a small circle inside a large circle. The ''ia'' in ''piano'' and ''repudiate'' is notated as a large circle with a dot in its center. The ''u'' in ''united'' is notated with a small circle followed by an ''u'' hook above it.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Due to the very simple alphabet, Gregg shorthand is very fast in writing. It takes a great deal of practice, however, to master it. Speeds of 280 WPM (where a word is 1.4 syllables) have been reached with this simple system before, and those notes are still legible to anyone else who knows the system.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[Image:Eclectic shorthand by cross.png|right]]
This is the Lord's Prayer written in several forms of shorthand. Gregg's is first (although it is an older version) followed by several others.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<br style="clear:both"/>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You will need something like [http://amzn.to/10ButRy The GREGG Shorthand Manual Simplified] and a good [http://amzn.to/Ypkv9y shorthand dictionary] which is easily bought new or used on Amazon. This skill is not that common any more so don't expect to find the books in a regular bookstore.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
{{CloseReq}} 
<noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>
==Historical Notes==
''Shorthand'' was introduced in 1929, discontinued in 1956, and reintroduced in 1986.
==References==
* Wikipedia article on [[w:Gregg shorthand|Gregg Shorthand]]
<noinclude>
</div></noinclude>
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
{{CloseHonorPage}}