AY Honors/Flower Culture/Answer Key/uk

Цветоводство

Уровень сложности

1

Рік

1938

Version

06.11.2025

Орган затвердження

Генеральної Конференції

1

Визначте наступне:

1a

Pастения

1b

Однолетние

1c

Двулетние

2

Дайте общие рекомендации как делать теплый парник. Какая разница между теплым и холодным языком?

3

Что такое дренаж и зачем он нужен? Как его выполнить?

4

Назовите 3х вредителей и расскажите как с ними бороться.

Caterpillars

The tortryx moth Lozotaenia forsterana is a prominent pest of roses, although not the sole pest. The caterpillars are green, up to 15mm long, and can be found boring into buds or within curled leaves. When disturbed the caterpillars move swiftly, dropping to the ground on a fine thread. Damage is chewn leaves and flowers and buds with "shot holes".

Caterpillars cause much damage, mainly by destroying leaves. The cotton bollworm causes enormous losses. Other species eat food crops. Caterpillars have been the target of pest control through the use of pesticides, biological control and agronomic practices. Many species have become resistant to pesticides. Bacterial toxins such as those from Bacillus thuringiensis which affect the gut of lepidoptera have been used in sprays of bacterial spores, toxin extracts and also by incorporating genes to produce them within the host plants.

Scale insects

Cottony cushion scale

This scale infests twigs and branches. The mature female is oval in shape, reddish-brown with black hairs, 5 mm long. When mature the insect remains stationary and produces an egg sac in grooves, by extrusion, in the body which encases hundreds of red eggs. The insect causes little damage but produces copious honeydew that can cause damaging sooty mold.

Natural predators include the vedalia beetle, Rodolia cardinalis which, unless disrupted by insecticides, are a very effective biological control.

Ants "farm" cottony cushion scale to harvest the honeydew they produce, so controlling ants goes a long way towards controlling this scale. Ant baits placed near the plants work well for this.

Adults are not effectively controlled with insecticides because the cottony egg sacs prevent the chemicals from contacting the females. Also, these pests feed on the underside of leaves making it difficult to reach them with sprayers.

Plant stems can be wrapped with double-sided tape which will catch this pest in its "crawly" stage. After about a week the tape's adhesive becomes ineffective and the tape must be changed. When the tape begins catching the crawlers, insecticidal sprays can be used, as the scale is in its larval stage. However, natural predators are more effective than pesticides, so check for them before spraying. Pesticides may do more harm than good by killing the predators.

Rose scale

Mainly found on the stems and branches of the plant, lack of control will allow the pest to spread to flower stalks and petioles. At this point the plant would be stunted, spindly and with a white, flaky crust of scales on the bark. Female Aulacaspis rosae may live for 1 year and may lay 80 eggs each with several overlapping generations living within milliimetres of the original parent.

Rose scale can be controlled by spraying with a lime-sulfur solution (one part lime, nine parts sulfur). Application should be made in the winter or early spring.

Leaf cutting bee

Leafcutter bees are 6-16mm long and mostly black with bands of light-colored hair. They chew pieces from the edges of leaves. The pieces are regular in shape, circular or oval. Damage is not often significant.

5

Кратко расскажите как сделать цветочный ящик на подоконнике и как его засадить.

Window box

A windowbox or window box is a container for growing plants usually positioned outside a window and supported in place by brackets on the wall below.

Window boxes are often used by apartment-dwellers on higher floors, who do not otherwise have access to a garden or place to grow flowers, and allow the plants to be readily seen by those inside the property as well as outside. A window box is usually only 6"-8" (15-20cm) deep so may not support tall plants. Access for planting and maintenance can be via the window from indoors.

Before building a window box, decide where you will mount it. It should be at least as wide as the window you will mount it by or it will tend to look smallish. A window box is most easily constructed using 1"x6" pine lumber. The box should be open on the top and can be held together with nails, screws, or for the more ambitious woodworker, with a box or dovetail joint. It can be fitted with molding and painted to match the house.

Once the box is put together, drill holes in the bottom to allow drainage. Line it with plastic sheeting to keep the moist soil off the wood (for the most part), and hold the plastic in place with construction staples. Trim the plastic, and cut holes in it where it lines up with the holes drilled in the bottom. Mount the window box on the house with brackets or screws. Fill with potting soil and plant your flowers.

6

Приготовьте почву, высадите и вырастите до стадии цветения 3и вида однолетних растений.

Soil Preparation

In general, you should follow the directions included with the plant you buy. Dig a hole to the proper depth as instructed. You will also want to control the soil's pH (acidity). Add lime to increase pH, or add manure to decrease it. Make sure these are well mixed with the soil though, because concentrated clumps can damage your plants. You can buy pH measuring kits and test the soil yourself. The soil should be well tilled and loose.

When you dig a hole to plant in, do not feel compelled to refill that hole with the same soil you removed from it. For the ambitious, there are dozens of soil recipes to choose from, combining loam, vermiculite, peat, lime, fertilizer, sand, compost, charcoal, manure, etc. You usually only need a gallon or so of soil per plant, not 40 acres of perfect dirt.

Fertilizing

Do not over fertilize, and wait four to six weeks after planting before fertilizing. Make a circle around each plant with one ounce of ammonium sulphate in the first year. After that, do the same with two ounces as soon as the plants bloom, and again one month later.

Planting

Again, you should follow the instruction that come with a new plant. You will need to dig a hole to the proper depth, and usually, you will place the plant in the hole so that new soil-line matches the old soil-line. If the plant has become root bound in the container, you need to cut away the roots that are curled around the outside to allow the newer roots within the rootball to grow. Once the plant has been placed in the hole at the proper level, bury the roots. Pack the soil loosely around the root - not tightly!

Lay down a layer of mulch. Mulch helps to control weeds and retain moisture. This will help in the hot summer months. Wood chips are excellent for this. Do not use leaves or sawdust, as these will wick moisture away from the plants and make it difficult for water to penetrate to the roots.

Growing to Maturity

Water the plants after planting them, and keep them well watered afterwards. Watch for pests and take measures to control them as early as possible. You can keep the plants blooming for long periods by "dead-heading" them, that is, plucking off the blossoms as soon as they begin to wither. Dead-heading prevents the plant from producing seeds, so it will try again by making more blossoms.

7

Ухаживайте за 2мя или более видами многолетних цветов, растущих на улице в течение одного сезона(вносите удобрения, поливайте, делайте прополку и уничтожайте вредителей, если это нужно). Ведите письменные еженедельные записи, включающие в себя и перечисление того, что было сделано.

You can apply the same techniques given above for annuals to care for perennials, but with perennials, there is more impetus to get it right. If you get it right, they will come back the following year. Indeed, if you already have a bed of perennials, there is no need to plant them at all. Just fertilize and water them, and make sure you keep the pests at bay. If the plant makes it through the fall in good health, chances are excellent that it will survive the winter and be healthy again in the spring.

Visit your perennials weekly, and for this requirement, jot down what you do. You can write it in a notebook, or even start a blog to record your activities.

8

Какие 3и вида химических элементов наиболее важны для цветения растений?

The three most important plant nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. NPK fertilizers are named for the chemical symbols of these elements: N for nitrogen, P for phosphorus, and K for potassium. Fertilizers are marked with the percentage of each of these nutrients. For example, a fertilizer may be marked as 18-51-20, which means it is 18% Nitrogen, 51% Phosphorus, and 20% Potassium. You may notice that these numbers do not add to 100% - the remainder is made up of "fillers". Fillers prevent the nutrients from clumping together and "burning" the plant.

9

9a

Тень

• 

  Begonia

• 

  Columbine

• 

  Hellebore

• 

  Hosta

• 

  Pipsissewa

• 

  Trailing arbutus

• 

  Violet

• 

  Wintergreen

9b

Cухая почва

• Dusty Miller
• Gazania
• Sweet Alyssum
• Globe amaranth
• Verbena
• Nasturtium

9c

Яркое солнце

• Sunflower
• Sweet Alyssum
• Cosmos
• Dahlia
• Petunia
• Geranium
• Gazania
• Snapdragon
• Verbena
• Zinnia

9d

Bлажная почва

• Dahlia
• Marigold
• Lobelia
• Cup flower
• Impatiens
• Pansy

10

Какая цель определения свойств почвогрунта?

The purpose of a soil test is to determine the nutrient content of the soil. This will allow the gardener to select plants that will grow best in the existing soil conditions or to determine what nutrient supplements are required to amend the soil for the intended plants.

11

Соберите коллекцию из картинок из 10ти однолетних, 5ти многолетних и 2х однолетних растений. Подпишите каждое растение и знайте его название на память.

Annuals

• 

  Begonia

• 

  Canterbury bells

• 

  Cosmos

• 

  Geranium

• 

  Impatiens (Busy Lizzie)

• 

  Marigold

• 

  Nasturtium

• 

  Periwinkle

• 

  Petunia

• 

  Salvia

• 

  Snapdragon

• 

  Zinnia

Biennial

• 

  Evening primroses

• 

  Foxglove

• 

  Forget-me-not

• 

  Hollyhock

• 

  Pansy

• 

  Sweet William

• 

  Verbena

Perennials

• 

  Cardinal flower

• 

  Clematis

• 

  Columbine

• 

  Daylily

• 

  Foxglove

• 

  Hellebore

• 

  Hosta

• 

  Hydrangea

• 

  Iris

• 

  Lavender

• 

  Peony

• 

  Rose

• 

  Tulip

References

• http://mostlyorganicgarden.com/NPK_explanation.html
• Wikipedia articles:
  • Cold frame
  • Drainage
  • Hotbed