AY Honors/Māori Lore/Answer Key 2/es: Difference between revisions

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AY Honors/Māori Lore/Answer Key 2/es
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===Tukutuku===
A tukutuku is a woven wall hanging traditionally made from flax. New Zealand flax describes common New Zealand perennial plants ''Phormium tenax'' and ''Phormium cookianum'', known by the Māori names harakeke and wharariki respectively. They are quite distinct from ''Linum usitatissimum'', the Northern Hemisphere plant known as flax (and also known as linseed). The genus was given the common name 'flax' by Anglophone Europeans as it too could be used for its fibres.
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Their main defense was the use of earth ramparts (or terraced hillsides), topped with stakes or wicker barriers. The historically later versions were constructed by people who were fighting with muskets and hand weapons (such as spear, taiaha and mere) against the British Army and armed constabulary, who were armed with swords, rifles, and heavy weapons such as howitzers and rocket artillery.
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Pā were often put in place in very limited time scales, sometimes less than two days, and resisted attack for many hours and, sometimes, weeks. Military historians like John Keegan have noted that Māori recognition of the strong resistance of earth fortifications against modern weapons (especially artillery) predates the successful defensive use of trenches and sloped earth ramparts in World War I by many decades.
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Warrior chiefs like Te Ruki Kawiti realised these properties as a good counter to the greater firepower of the British. With that in mind, they sometimes built pā purposefully to resist the British Empire's forces, like at Ruapekapeka, which was constructed specifically to draw the enemy, instead of protecting a specific site or place of habitation like more traditional pās. At the Battle of Ruapekapeka, the British suffered 45 casualties, against only 30 amongst the Māori. Afterwards, British engineers twice surveyed the fortifications, produced a scale model and tabled the plans in the House of Commons.
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Revision as of 18:48, 29 April 2021

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Template:Division variant/es


1

Define the following commonly used terms:


1a

Marae



1b

Powhiri



1c

Karakia



1d

Mate



1e

Waiata

Waiata is the Māori word for song.


1f

Korero



1g

Haka



1h

Kuia



1i

Tane

In the Māori language, Tāne means "man".


1j

Wero



1k

Mana



1l

Manuhiri



1m

Hongi



1n

Hui



1o

Poroporoaki



1p

Whanau



1q

Tangi



1r

Aroha



1s

Whakairo



1t

Koro



1u

Kaumatua



1v

Wahine



1w

Mihi



1x

Whaikorero



1y

Tangata whenua



1z

Taonga




2

Complete the following:



2a

Draw or trace a map of the world and show with arrows the directions of Polynesian settlement.



2b

Where do Māoris consider themselves to have come to New Zealand from?



2c

Explain what the Great Migration Myth is. Who was the originator of the myth? What were the canoes that arrived in this migration and where did they come from?



2d

Draw or trace a map of New Zealand showing all the major tribal areas, and make in the canoe for each.



2e

Why was Rangitoto named “Rangitoto”?




3

Visit a marae with a group that has been called to a hui. Write a report on the events that take place from the time you arrive at the marae to the time you leave. State the name of the marae, its locality and the tribe to which it is affiliated.



4

Briefly relate the customs observed at each of the following events:


4a

Mate



4b

Meal times



4c

Speeches



4d

Sleeping




5

Complete the following:



5a

What are the two Māori religions currently in use today, and what are some of their characteristics?



5b

Briefly describe the Māori story of creation.



5c

Briefly outline the story of Seventh-day Adventism among the Māori people.



5d

What is the Māori attitude to religion in general?




6

Make a sample tukutuku panel (approx 30cm x 30cm) OR a tipare OR a small flax mat/basket.




7

Know how to correctly:


7a

Greet people in Māori



7b

Hongi




8

Complete the following:



8a

What are five different pastimes enjoyed by Māori children in former times?



8b

Learn how to do three string figures and walk on stilts.




9

Visit an old pa site in your locality and make a brief written report on what you could see.



9a



9b



9c


The fortifications of such a purpose-built pa included palisades of puriri trunks and split timber, with bundles of protective flax padding, the two lines of palisade covering a firing trench with individual pits, while more defenders could use the second palisade to fire over the heads of the first below. Simple communication trenches or tunnels were also built to connect the various parts, as found at Ohaeawai Pā or Ruapekapeka. The forts could even include underground bunkers, protected by a thick layer of earth over wooden beams, which sheltered the inhabitants during periods of heavy shelling by artillery.

A limiting factor of the Māori fortifications that were not built as set pieces, however, was the need for the people inhabiting them to leave frequently to cultivate areas for food, or to gather it from the wilderness. Consequently, pā would often be abandoned for 4 to 6 months of each year.




=Referencias

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